Rheumatoid arthritis Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints. Autoantibodies attack the lining of the joint tissue called the synovium. This tissue becomes irritated and inflamed leading to the development of, pannus, which is rough tissue that extends over the cartilage. The pannus lead to erosion of cartilage, and in the worse cases leading to painful bone on bone contact (FIG 1). RA usually starts off in smaller joints such as in the fingers/hands and toes/feet and can spread to other joints or even organs and other body systems. The joints can become very swollen and quite painful. It affects close to 1.5 million people in the Unites States alone and is about 3 times as likely in females than males. RA is a disease that usually occurs later in life most commonly affecting people from ages of 30 to 60 (Rheumatoid arthritis, Mayo). The exact cause of the disease is unknown. It is believe that is has some genetic …show more content…
These drugs have to be consistently administered by injection or given as an infusion, and do not work quickly, it may take weeks or months to see improvement while taking one of these drugs. Most DMARDs are TNF inhibitors or nucleic acid inhibitors. The popular RA drug Humira (adalimumab) is a DMARD-TNF inhibitor. Methotrexate is another more common DMARD that is a pyrimidine inhibitor. RA patients can go into remission after several weeks of taking this drug however since methotrexate also blocks folate, folic acid needs to be taken with it. Regular blood tests are important when taking methotrexate to detect signs of other problems such as a drop in white blood cells (Rheumatoid Arthritis
An M, Zou Z, Shen H, Zhang J, Cao Y, Jiang Y. The addition of tocilizumab to DMARD therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2010; 66 (1): 49--59.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory and an autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissue (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017). This disease affects the entire body, which is called a systemic (means entire body) disease. Arthritis is derived from the word part arthr-, which means “joint,” and -itis, which means “inflammation,” so altogether it means “inflammation of the joints.” It creates inflammation that causes the tissue that lines the inside of joints (synovium) to thicken. About 1.5 million people in the U.S. are affected. It affects all races, but it affects three times as many women than men (What is Rheumatoid Arthritis, n.d.). Overtime, rheumatoid arthritis causes painful swelling that can potentially result in bone erosion or joint deformity, which leads up to physical disabilities. RA can affect more than just your joints, but can spread to body systems, skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, e.t.c (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017).
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, it affects millions of people around the world. It is also known as Degenerative Joint Disease or Degenerative Arthritis or Wear & Tear Arthritis. Osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage in the joints wear down over time. While osteoarthritis can affect any joint in your body, it more often is seen in the knees, hips, hands, neck, and lower back it worsens as you grow older and has no known cure.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition that primarily affects the hands, spine and the ankles and hips. It is known to be associated with aging, and is concerned with the cartilage that protects the joints (the meeting place of two bones). Normal cartilage allows for bones to slide over each other uniformly, acting as a shock absorber to any damage. However cartilage in osteoarthritis, located at the ends of the bones erodes and deteriorates, causing friction and hence pain, swelling and restricted movement. Therefore in osteoarthritic both the composition and appearance of the cartilage alters, while the body attempts to repair this damaged cartilage is broken down faster than it can be built up. A defective repair process can cause bone overgrowth, bone spur/osteocytes to form which can be seen at the ends of the joints. In osteoarthritis the bones come in close contact with each other, and wear away leaving the bone exposed and unprotected.
...nd is the most likely candidate for increased ROS observed with doxorubicin administration. Through these mechanisms, doxorubicin works well in slowing the progression of cancer. However, side effects of this drug limit the total dosage a patient can receive.
Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects the joints and it is the most common type of arthritis. Evidence shows that the majority of the people affected are the over 60 (S. R 2006) This disease damages the surfaces of the joints stopping it from moving as smoothly as it should. The disease can also be referred to as osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint tissues. Osteoarthritis is more common in women than men but the prevalence
Atorvastatin is the most commonly used statin in clinical practice; the FDA approved it in 1996. Atorvastatin is associated with myopathy and elevation of creatinine kinase (CK) and the feared rhabdomyolosis in about 1% of patients.
The term arthritis refers to the joint inflammation. Joint facilitates the movement of body parts. Over the 100 different forms of arthritis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are common. It has been estimated that over 350 million people worldwide are affected by arthritis.
Arthritis affects people of all age groups. More than 100 types of arthritis are known. Among these osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis having the highest incidence. One of the major causes of chronic debilitation in industrialized nations is Osteoarthritis which results from damage to the joints, which may be due to trauma, infection, or age-related wear. Rheumatoid arthritis is encountered less frequently than osteoarthritis and is estimated to affect around one per cent of the world’s population. Amongst patients of Rheumatoid arthritis, women are three times more likely to be affected by this condition than men. This condition is caused by an inflammatory process where the body starts attacking itself. Rheumatoid arthritis also affects several joints, with inflammation sometimes seen in and around the lungs, the heart, the eyes and the skin. The most commonly reported complaint by arthritis patients is pain. The pain might be from the joint itself and be a result of inflammation, damage from the disease, or through daily wear and tear. Muscle pain is also common and is caused by having to force movements against stiff and painful joints. Although range of movement in the affected joint may be limited and uncomfortable, physical exercise has been shown to benefit those with arthritis. Physical therapy has been shown to significantly improve function, decrease pain in the long term and delay the need for surgery in advanced cases. The majority of arthritis cases occur among theelderly, however the disease can occur in children as well. Over 70% of the population that get affected by arthritis in North America are over the age of 65 (4). The disease occurs more commonly in females than males in all races, age groups, and ethn...
When diagnosed there is three different severities of the disease, mild and severe and patients with polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis B or C. Each severity of the disease needs different treatment to manage the disease. Since there is no cure for Polyarteritis Nodosa the treatment only manages the disease and puts the patient in remission. Once the patient is in remission, the patient will be monitored for new symptoms and making sure polyarteritis nodosa stays in remission. When a patient is diagnosed with mild polyarteritis nodosa, Doctors will prescribed the patients with a medicine called prednisone (Polyarteritis Nodosa-Harvard). Prednisone is a steroid that reduces the inflammation in the arteries. When on prednisone patient will need to have blood work to monitor levels. (“Prednisone Uses, Dosage, side effects, warnings-Drugs.com”). When a patient has severe symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa involving heart, kidney
Lupus is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs when the body's immune system attacks its tissues and organs. This is similar to “friendly fire” and can cause permanent scarring that in the end will damage the function of certain organs and systems in the body. There are five different types of Lupus; Discoid lupus erythematosus, Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, Drug-induced lupus, Neonatal lupus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). However, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) being the most common and typically being considered the most serious, this paper will discuss this type in detail. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus accounts for approximately 70 percent of all cases of lupus (Statistics on Lupus).
Rheumatoid Arthritis is when the joints are chronically inflamed, which happens because it is an autoimmune disease which means that the immune system attacks the body tissues. Although Rheumatoid Arthritis mainly affects the joints, it can also affect other organs.
Arthritis is a general term for approximately 100 diseases that produce either INFLAMMATION of connective tissues, particularly in joints, or noninflammatory degeneration of these tissues. The word means "joint inflammation," but because other structures are also affected, the diseases are often called connective tissue diseases. The terms rheumatism and rheumatic diseases are also used. Besides conditions so named, the diseases include gout, lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, degenerative joint disease, and many others, among them the more recently identified LYME DISEASE.
Further, after the assessment has been completed a diagnosis is determined by using the DMS IV. Patients must show signs of at least 3 of the following for 12 months: Tolerance which the drug has little to no effect, psychical or psychological signs of withdrawa...
Arthritis occurs when the body incorrectly identifies its own tissue as foreign matter and attacks it. Arthritis includes a set of more than eighty autoimmune diseases. Arthritis attacks connective tissues and joints. It causes stiffness, pain, inflammation, and swelling of the joints. Some kinds are crippling, but rarely leads to death. There are many different kinds of arthritis, the main ones being Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis; others include gout and ankylosing spodylitis.