Rewarding Transformational Leadership and Active Management

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The results of the study suggested that rewarding transformational leadership and active management by exception functioned as protecting factors. It also pointed to passive laissez-faire leadership as an exposing factor in terms of burnout among nursing staff. One of the limitations to the study is that data was gathered using self-administered measures; with no objective measures used to assess leadership and burnout. The data was also cross-sectional in nature therefore conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the direction of casualty among multidimensional leadership and burnout.

A research study was conducted by Patrick & Lavery (2007), to compare the level s of burnout in Victorian nurses against normative data, and to assess the associations between selected individual and work characteristics. The participants of the study were assessed by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The study showed that the current sample of nurses had similar levels of emotional exhaustion to the overall normative and medical figures. However respondents had significantly lower depersonalization and higher personal accomplishment than both the normative and medical samples. The limitations to the study and the result of high satisfaction could be because the normative figures are based on mainly American data - therefore the possibility of cultural effect. Another factor could also be that the participants in the study worked as part-time employees instead of as full-time employees.

A research study conducted by Moola, Ehlers & Hattingh (2008), surveyed 10 critical care nurses (CCNs) in the Tshwane metropolitan area in South Africa. They were divided into 2 groups of five for the focused interview. The purpose of the research was to identify...

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...rated the ability to discriminate between jobs. The employees in different jobs in the PUMA study have different burnout levels. The tool has been used in a study conducted in New Zealand to test the instrument on teachers. This study revealed that the burnout questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to use and it also had a consistency in the results collected (Milfont et al., 2007). Copenhagen Burnout Inventory is yet to be used in the health care setting but the questions on the questionnaire are geared towards all professions that are in people service or customer service. Nursing would be classified as a service to the public or people.

The instrument will be scored as below;

• 0-50: Low burnout

• 51-100: Medium burnout

• 101-150: High burnout

• 151-200: Severe burnout

See Appendix A for a copy of the CBI instrument (Borritz & Kristensen, 1999).

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