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Differences between qualitative and quantitative research
The nature of qualitative research
Qualitative and quantitative research methods
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Review of Qualitative Literature
Qualitative methods use a different approach to scholarly research than quantitative methods. According to Creswell (2014), although similar in processes, qualitative methods rely on text and image data, have unique steps in data analysis, and draw on diverse designs in the qualitative study. There is now an increased publication of articles using qualitative methods as it became more acceptable, especially in the production of dissertations, as opposed to quantitative methods.
Because qualitative methods provide valuable insights into the local perspectives of study populations, they have become a valuable method of research. Indeed, qualitative research methods are gaining in popularity outside the traditional academic social sciences, particularly concerning studies in public health and international development research (Mack, Woodsong, MacQueen, Guest & Namey, 2005). Whereas quantitative research methods once dominated these fields, researchers have now begun drawing from a more diverse repertoire of methodologies as they tackle international public health, business, and other problems related to humankind (Mack, Woodsong, MacQueen, Guest & Namey, 2005).
One of the suggested ways to develop fluency with any research method is to review the published literature, especially peer-reviewed articles. This paper will review several peer reviewed qualitative studies, and will concentrate on the topics, the problems encountered in the study, the purpose of the study, its various research designs and the conclusions arrived at as a result of the studies. One of the best ways to summarize the key points of peer-reviewed journals is to use the method of an annotated bibliography. Knott (2012) ...
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Lamb, D. (2013). Promoting the case for using a research journal to document and reflect on the research experience. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 11(2), 84-92.
Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector's field guide. Family Health International, Retrieved from http://www.fhi360.org/
Marshall, b., Cardon, P., Poddar, A., & Fontenot, R. (2013). Does sample size matter in qualitative research?: a review of qualitative interviews in is research. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 54(1), 11-22.
Marshall, b., Cardon, P., Poddar, A., & Fontenot, R. (2013). Does sample size matter in qualitative research?: a review of qualitative interviews in is research. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 54(1), 11-22.
skills by critical appraisal of a qualitative research article by Burhans and Alligood (2010). In
Mack, N., Woodsong, C., Macqueen, K., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods a data collector's field guide. Research Triangle Park, N.C.: Family Health International.
Qualitative research is an approach that attempts to situate an activity that locates the observer in the world by providing the study to occur in their natural setting and by attempting to make sense of, or interpret information (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005). A characteristic of qualitative research is to use a variety of empirical materials such as personal experience, interviews, and questionnaires. It is imperative to understand the task at hand and how to fully carry out the study when using a qualitative research approach in order to find out the information needed. One view of qualitative research is it involves examining individual’s experiences and documenting those experiences in detail (Jones, 2011). By documenting these observations the researcher is ensuring validity in his or her data and giving the correct creditability to those who participated in the study.
This will be a discussion of qualitative research. It will define qualitative research, as well as look at the similarities and differences in the quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. Furthermore, this discussion will look into qualitative case study research and phenomenological research, with further contemplation of purposes, methods, and limitations for these two methods.
The type of data collection for a qualitative research study depends on the research design. The qualitative design itself originates out of the disciplines and flow throughout the process of research (Creswell, 2014). Creswell (2014) recommends narrative, phenomenology, ethnography, case study, and grounded theory as common qualitative research methods. These were recommended because of they are popular across the social and health and science research studies. Hays and Woods (2011) asserted that selecting a research tradition congruent with one's research orientation and study purpose, and at the same time, infusing it in all phases of qualitative inquiry, is one of the key criterions for trustworthiness of the research results. Hays and Woods (2011) recommends six qualitative research traditions, including ground theory, phenomenology, consensual qualitative research, ethnography, narratology, and participative action research. Indeed, while there are additional qualitative research methods available, scholars have identified these six qualitative traditions consistently or identified them as emerging and common methods of qualitative research (Hays & Woods, 2011).
University of Idaho. (2014). Information Technology Services: Appendix 1: ITS Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Retrieved from http://www.uidaho.edu/its/strategic-plan/appendix-i.
Today the use of technology has become embedded into our daily lives. Most of western civilization has access to a piece of technology at any given point of time. In recent years, technology has started to play a significant role in the area of research. Quantitative research was quickly adapted and aided by technology due to the use of number variables, but the same was not true for qualitative research. In recent years, qualitative research was revolutionized by Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) software. Although, QDA software has a great deal of positive aspect, there are drawbacks in the utilization.
Described below is a critical appraisal of a qualitative article by Lisa Booth using the frame-work suggested by Ryan, Coughlan and Cronin 2007 to establish its believability, robustness, credibility and integrity (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007).
Everyone possess critical thinking skills but when it comes to criticize a journal article it can be difficult for the first time, one of the best ways to develop critical thinking and reading skills is to use some strategies when reading and evaluating a research study (Wood & Haber,1998). The following essay it is going to focus in a critique of a qualitative journal article by giving its strengths and weakness, critical appraisal it is going to be done with support from different references and frameworks relevant to a qualitative study.
Zikmund, W., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C., & Griffin, M. (2010). Business research methods (8th ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western
Liamputtong, P. & Ezzy, D., 2005, Qualitative research methods, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 12-31.
This definition has three primary components that are essential to understanding the nature of qualitative research. The first component is that qualitative is interpretive. Qualitative data consists of words, pictures, clothing, documents, or other non-numerical information. During and after the data is collected, the research continually attempts to understand the data from the participant’s subjective perspective. The most important task of the qualitative researcher is to understand the insiders view then the researcher takes of objective outsider and relates the interpretive subjective data to the research purpose and research questions. In qualitative research, the research questions are allowed to evolve, or possibly change during the study because qualitative research is usually focused on exploring phenomena; consequently, quantitative typically does not allow the change of that sort because the focus is on hypothesis testing. Qualitative is useful for understanding and describing local situations in theory and for theory generation; in contrast, quantitative research tends to be more useful for hypothesized testing. The second component of qualitative research is multimethod. This means that a variety of methods are used to collect data. Data collecting methods include the personal experience, introspective analysis, and individual’s life story, interview with individuals, written document, photographs and historical information. Qualitative research uses several of these data collecting methods to try and get the best description of an event for the meaning it has for the individuals being studied. The use of several methods is referred to as triangulation because it is believed that the use of several methods provides a better understanding of the phenomena being
Bailey, L. F. (2014). The origin and success of qualitative research. International Journal Of Market Research, 56 (2), 167-184. doi:10.2501/IJMR-2014-013
Stejskal, S.M. (2010) Quatiative and Qualitative Research Methods are not and should not be Mutually Exclusive, Grinn Verlag.
Qualitative and quantitative researcher’s exhibited conflicting ways of approaching a research. Some researchers prefer qualitative over quantitative and vice-versa. Also, it is common for qualitative and quantitative to be used together in a research. But, both methods when carried out correctly provide good research. Plus, both methods have their own unique differences and characteristics. In this paper I will define three of these characteristics in a quantitative and qualitative research design and discuss and compare their differences. (Smith & Davis, 2010)