Introduction:
Adenomyosis is a myometrial lesion characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrium with hyperplasia of the surrounding myometrium and leiomyomas are benign myometrial neoplasms. Commonly reported symptoms of adenomyosis are menorrhagia, chronic pelvic pain, and dysmenorrhea; whereas, menorrhagia, pain, pelvic pressure, and bowel and urinary tract complaints are reported in leiomyomas. However, adenomyosis and leiomyomas commonly coexist and therefore attributing symptoms to either of the condition is problematic. Therefore, author carried out a retrospective questionnaire-based study to compare the disease burden of women undergoing hysterectomy with a pathologic finding of adenomyosis and leiomyomas and women with leiomyomas alone.
Method:
Total 1,112 white women (since January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2010) with a hysterectomy and a histologic diagnosis of both adenomyosis and uterine leiomyomas and women with leiomyomas alone were included in this study. Out of which only 561 women responded to the mailing and 560 women returned questionnaires. Women were analyzed by using symptom questionnaire, which was based on the Uterine Fibroid Symptom (UFS) Quality of Life (QOL) Questionnaire with the addition of five symptoms, like pelvic pain during the menstrual period, pelvic pain not associated with the menstrual period, intermenstrual bleeding, spotting, and painful sexual intercourse. The mean period between surgery and mailing of the symptom questionnaires was 2.1±1.1 years. A retrospective review of medical records was performed and statistical tests were used for the analysis of the data where P<.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results:
• Out of 560 responded women, 159 women (28.4%) were with adenomyosis and leiomyomas, and 401 women (71.6%) were with leiomyomas alone.
• Women with adenomyosis and leiomyomas were significantly older (47.4 ± 4.1 vs. 45.9 ± 4.2 years; P≤0.001), had significantly more pregnancies (2.3 ± 1.5 vs. 1.7 ± 1.3; P<.001), and were significantly more likely to have a history of miscarriage (P=0.040) than the women with leiomyomas alone.
• Women with adenomyosis and leiomyomas were more likely to have at least one (P=0.007) or more than one (P=0.007) vaginal (p=0.005) delivery compared with women with leiomyomas.
• Women with a concomitant diagnosis of adenomyosis and leiomyomas had significantly higher scores for disease burden during the menstrual period (heavy bleeding episodes [P=0.005] and passing blood clots [P=0.005]) , distress regarding fluctuations in the length of the menstrual cycle (P=0.015), pelvic pain occurring during the menstrual period (P=0.008), pelvic pain not associated with the menstrual cycle (P=0.049), and feeling fatigued (P=0.001) before surgery than in women with leiomyomas alone.
Gynaecological surgery refers to surgery performed on the female reproductive system For the purpose of this essay, I am going to discuss the role of the midwife in the care and management of a woman who has undergone a hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus (Oxford Dictionary of Nursing, 2014). It is major gynaecological surgery and the immediate post operative period is a very important time for recovery. As with every surgery, there are the associated risks attached. According to O'Connor et al, 2004, there is a 2% risk of infection, haemorrhage 0.5% and mortality 6-11 per 1000 regardless of which surgical method is used for the hysterectomy. Therefore, I am going to use relevant literature and guidelines to discuss
Explain your reasoning for each. The primary diagnosis is ovarian torsion. The patient present with classical signs and symptoms of RLQ abdominal pain the worsen with any movement, nausea, tachycardia, RLQ tenderness, guarding, and rebound on examination as well as right adnexal tenderness and right adnexal mass (I-Human Patients, 2017). Differential diagnosis include; pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), appendicitis, and renal colic. Clinical features that favor the diagnosis of PID are non-migratory pain, bilateral pelvic tenderness and absence of nausea or vomiting. Appendicitis typically presents with poorly localized colicky central abdominal pain associated with anorexia and vomiting. Renal colic typically presents with sudden onset of severe unilateral colicky pain radiating from the loin to the groin, which comes in waves, very similar to torsion (Krishnan, Kaur, Bali, & Rao,
Also assessing if she’s had any gynecological surgeries throughout her life is beneficial in seeing if her symptoms are possibly related to menopause. These surgeries would include a...
World wide, it is estimated that cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women with an estimated 530,000 new cases in 2012 representing 7.5% of all female cancer deaths.(Foran et al 2015)
Endometriosis is a condition where the endometrial tissue that lines the inside of the uterus is found outside of the uterus. Endometriosis is found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the lining of the pelvic cavity, and the outer surface of the uterus. Other sites are the vagina, cervix, vulva, bowel, bladder, or rectum. In some rare cases it can also be found in the lungs, brain, and skin. Endometriosis effects an estimated 10% of all women during their reproductive years. This is about 176 million women, who have the symptoms of endometriosis. (Reference) Even though growths of endometriosis are benign they still cause many problems. Once a month, hormones cause a woman’s uterus lining to build up with tissue and blood. If the woman does not become pregnant, the uterus sheds this tissue and blood. The tissue and blood leave the body through the vagina this is known as a menstrual period. In woman with endometriosis the tissue and blood that is shed into the body during menstruation can cause pain, inflammation, and scar tissue. When the endometrial tissue grows, it covers the ovaries and can block the fallopian tubes. Trapped blood can form cysts. It will also form scar tissue and ...
Endometriosis is a very painful disease where tissue that usually grows inside the uterus grows outside the uterus. Because this tissue is endometrial tissue it still breaks down and bleeds during the menstrual cycle. Once the tissue breaks down there is no way for it to leave the body. This can cause severe pain. Endometriosis can also involve the ovaries and cyst can form called endometriomas. There are several symptoms from endometriosis, severe abdominal pain, pain with intercourse, pain with bowel movement, extremely painful periods, and excessive bleeding.
There are many risks that come along with having an abortion that the patient learns about before having the operation ("Abortion"). Cancer is one of the risks. Women with a history if one abortion face 2.3 times higher risk of getting cervical cancer and when the woman has had two or more abortions, the risk rises to 4.92 times. These increased cancer rates for post-abortion may be linked to the disruption of the hormonal changes or stress on the immune system ("Abortion"). Another risk is uterine perforation, in which two to three percent of all abortion patients suffer from, though most go undiagnosed. Damage to the uterus can lead to different problems later in life with pregnancies that can cause fetal malformation, prenatal death, and excessive bleeding during labor ("Abortion").
Endometriosis is a female disease that causes the endometrial tissue to implant and grow outside of the uterus on different organs within the body. Although according to David B. Redwine M.D, FACOG author of 100 questions & answers about Endometriosis,(19) “several cases have been reported in men with same factors usually older men with advanced prostate cancer, or that are undergoing estrogen treatment”. In most cases endometriosis develops as a result of menstrual endometrial tissue that passes backward through the opening of the fallopian tube into the peritoneal cavity. In endometriosis when the menstrual blood that is shed cannot escape, the blood builds up and leads to large painful cysts that can cause inflammation and scarring amongst other problems The Pharmacy Technician foundations and practices(628). The endometrial tissue that grows in multiple places within the body that it’s not suppose to, are known to be benign, but can still cause many problems such as, sharp pelvic pain, infertility, spontaneous bleeding, stress, depression, discomfort and can even lead to endometrial cancer if not treated in its early stages. Depending on where a patient’s endometriosis is located determines the type of symptoms and pain levels they may endure. Endometriosis’s common sites of implantation can range anywhere from the ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, intestines, and the lining of the pelvic cavity. Endometrial tissue is not confined to just implanting in a women’s reproductive organs, according to womenshealth.gov endometrial tissue has also been found in the lungs, muscles, and brain.
The cause of endometriosis continues to remain unknown. It has been researched for many decades and...
Uterine Fibroids is a common medical condition that occurs generally in women in reproductive age. Fibroids are considered as benign tumors that grow up in the muscular wall of the uterus. Fibroids are also called leiomyoma or myoma. The size of the fibroids may vary from small sizes (apricot seed) to large sizes (similar to a melon). When fibroids rise up to a large size “The uterus expands to make it look approximating to a 6 or 7 months of pregnancy”. (Gynecologists). They also can grow up as an abnormal whole unit attach to the uterus or develop similar to grapes in different areas around the uterus. (See figure 1)
Bacterial vaginosis is identified with patient with high incidence of endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease status post abortion and/or gynecological procedures (Hainer & Gibson, 2011). This vaginal infection, bacterial vaginosis, has been associated with status post and postpartum endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and during pregnancy, late fetal loss and spontaneous preterm birth (Verstraelen, Verhelst, Vaneechoutte, & Temmerman, 2010).
Every year, about 9,000 women suffering from this condition are younger than 45 years. Less than half of these women were aware that this was the leading cause of death. 96% of women have prodromal symptoms such as unusual fatigue, sleep disturbances, shortness of breath, generalized pain/ discomfort, back pain, epigastric pain, dizziness, and frequent ingestion. Early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial for positive outcomes.
During a normal menstrual cycle, the lining of your uterus thickens and then sheds when a fertilized egg doesn't attach, resulting in your period. But when this lining starts to grow outside of the uterus, like on your ovaries or inside the pelvic cavity, it becomes inflamed, grows, and essentially has nowhere to go, says Ghadir. The result is severe pelvic pain, usually during your period, along with significant scarring to the surrounding tissue. It may also lead to large cysts on your ovaries called endome...
Uterine cancer is an important women health problem developing rapidly, killing over 200,000 women each year. No one has discovered the actual cause, but there is a leading factor that has great suspicions to what is causing this cancer to grow rapidly.
No woman should ever feel cornered when it comes to making an abortion decision, but perhaps should look into what the pros and cons may be concerning the after effects of the surgery. When women are on the verge of continuing with an abortion procedure, they usually do not take into consideration many of the possible effects it can have on themselves and others around them. Abortion is considered a difficult procedure that can come with many risks and side effects, whether it be emotional, physical, financial, and or social. The decision of aborting should be thoroughly thought out, rather than made on an impulse. Without proper education and guidance, quick decisions regarding abortion can be hazardous to a person’s health.