In vitro selection of RCC cell suspensions derived from primary RCC xenografts in SCID mice. Patient derived xenografts, could represent a source of RCC Cancer Stem Cells. To test this hypothesis, cell suspensions that had been derived, from four primary RCC xenografts characterized by different tumor stage, differentiation, histopathology and in vivo aggressiveness (22), (IGR-RCC-41-P1, IGR-RCC-17-P1,IGR-RCC-47-P1 and IGR-RCC-28-P1) were cultured in vitro with a selective medium (DMEM-LG) conceived to preserve CSC stemness properties (16). Only one cell suspension out of four (RCC-41-P1 )adapted to the selective medium and could be serially subcultured. Cryopreserved cell suspensions were seeded at 5x105 cells per 25cm2 flask, RCC-41-P1 cells adhered to plastic surface with an efficiency of about 40%. After two weeks, RCC-41-P1 started to proliferate forming isolated colonies of piling-up cells (0.01%) exhibiting epithelioid morphology. Upon subculture, about 80% of RCC-41-P1 cells adhered to plastic surface, started to proliferate and could be serially subcultured. Interestingly, the cell suspension derived from the original tumor (RCC-41-P0), adapted to DMEM-LG medium but subsequently could not be serially passaged. Phenotype of RCC-41-P0 versus RCC-41-P1 In figure 1, cytofluorimetric analysis of primary RCC-41-P0 cells shows that 70% of the cells strongly express CD133, about 50% express E-cadherin and 80% strongly express CD105, by contrast RCC-41-P1 displays a phenotypic evolution represented by the loss of CD105 expression, as well as a decreased but still detectable expression of CD133 and E-cadherin. In addition, RCC-41-P1 express stem cell functional markers such as the transcription factors OCT3/4 and Nanog involved in... ... middle of paper ... ...n (phosphorylation of iκBα), the IL-15Rβ chain (phosphorylation of ERK ½) and the IL-15Rγc chain (phosphorylation of Stat 5). Flow cytometric analysis (fig.xB) shows that after 5 weeks RCC-41/CSC/CD133+ exhibit minimal expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherine, which is not increased by IL-15 treatment. While western blot analysis reveals that a consistent increase in the expression of E-cadherin is observed only after 10 weeks treatment with IL-15 (fig x C) but without loss of stem cell markers (not shown). More interestingly, short term IL-15 treatment induced within 15 minutes aminutes a long lasting up-regulation of p21 (10 weeks) which has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest in RCC cells (31-33). At the same time, we observed that IL-15 causes a strong decrease of KI67: a proliferation marker whose expression is associated to RCC aggressiveness (34).
The immunologic events that are happening at the local level during Carlton's acute inflammatory response would be:
The article that I will be summarizing is “Half of Teens Think They’re Addicted to Their Smartphones” written by Kelly Wallace. This article is about how teens are addicted to their smartphones and how it is becoming a problem. The text is stating facts about how many teens and adults use their smartphones. Teens depend on their phone greatly which can make it hard to get off of it. This does worry people. Teens also say they check their phone hourly, so they also feel that they need to respond to texts and social networking messages immediately. Teens are not the only ones that are addicted though. Even parents have trouble getting off the phone to enjoy life. If you have this trouble and feel like you want to get on
Ke J, Wu X, Wu X, He X, Lian L, Zou Y, et al. A subpopulation of CD24(+) cells in colon cancer cell lines possess stem cell characteristics. Neoplasma. 2012;59(3):282-8.
Report on Winner-Take-All "Winner-take-all” is a term used to describe single member district and at large election systems that award seats to the highest vote getters without ensuring fair representation for minority groups. In the United States, these are typically single-member district schemes or at-large, block-voting systems. Under winner-take-all rules, a slim majority of voters can control 100% of seats, leaving everyone else effectively without representation. There's something else troubling about the way we elect presidents--something beyond the personal attacks, the derelict voters and the influence of big money. It is the fact that so many of those who do vote don't have their votes counted.
Strategy to target cancer stem cells: The identification of CSC is essential for development of better and effective therapeutic strategies. The drugs used in the current therapies and treatments target not only the tumor cells, but also, the norm...
Some argue that participation trophies are going to be the downfall of society and human life in general. That is not the case but, there are many downsides of these awards, in this essay a few of these will be brought to attention. Participation trophies do not teach children valuable lessons.
“Immune Response: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.” National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. .
2. Cytokines in Cancer Therapy. Francis R. Balkwill. Oxford University Press, NY, 1989. pp 1-8.
Stem cell research began in 1956 when Dr. E Donnall Thomas performed the first bone marrow transplant (“Adult stem cells are not more promising,” 2007). Since that time, research has evolved into obtaining cells from a variety of tissues. According to stem cell research professors, Ariff Bongso and Eng Hin Lee (2005), “Stem cells are unspecialized cells in the human body that are capable of becoming cells, each with new specialized functions” (p. 2). Stem cells are in various adult tissues, such as bone marrow, the liver, the epidermis layer of skin, the central nervous system, and eyes. They are also in other sources, such as fetuses, umbilical cords, placentas, embryos, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are cells from adult tissues that have been reprogrammed to pluripotency. Most stem cells offer multipotent cells, which are sparse...
The importance of embryonic stem cells rests in their lack of specialization. These basic cells are present in the earliest stages of developing embryos and are able to develop into virtually any type of cell and tissue in the body. Being self-renewing, they offer a potentially limitless source of cells and tissue. (Tucker)
Wang, K., Wu, X., & Huang, J. (2013, February 28). Cancer stem cell theory: therapeutic implications for nanomedicine. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3589204/
“Stem Cells: The Future of Medicine.” Medschool.umaryland.edu. University of Maryland School of Medicine Web 14 Nov 2013
A. Regeneration center of Thailand, a medical team trained in biotechnology of cell therapy, published in January 2017, an article describing the differences (RCT).
The Goal is a story about overcoming manufacturing problems that is told through the eyes of a plant manager, Alex Rojo. Alex arrives to work one morning only to discover the division vice-president, Bill Peach, showed up unannounced to see the status of a specific customer order number, discovered the order was incomplete, barked orders at employees to assemble the products, and finally informed Mr. Rojo he has only three months to improve his plant's performance before it's closed because the plant cannot get orders out the door on time. In fact, the order Bill investigated was already seven weeks late and the product not even assembled. After Bill departs, Alex heads to the floor to discover Bill's unexpected arrival has created more problems. The master machinest Bill yelled at before Mr. Rojo arrived quit but only after setting up a machine to complete the seven-week-late order that Bill demanded be shipped out today. The machinest, however, forgot to tighten two adjustment nuts on the machine so several parts must be scrapped, but even worse is that the machine, which just so happens to be the only one of its kind in the plant, is broken.
...there are some risk factors in using stem cell for therapeutic approaches, hematopoietic stem cell therapy by bone marrow transplantation has already been proofed to be safe if donors’ background and screening, cell contamination, HLA matching and opportunistic or nosocomial infections during immunocompromised period were carefully monitored and controlled. Still, other types of stem cell therapies, despite of their good therapeutic efficacy, are remain in experimental stage and need more data to support and demonstrate the safety in clinical trials. More understanding of stem cell biology is also required in order to keep stem cell under controlled and avoid some complications that they might cause. So, to pave the way for successful stem cell therapy, research in this extent is needed to pursue to maximized therapeutic efficiency with highest safety in patients.