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Restorative justice theory
Theoretical best practices for restorative justice
Concepts of restorative justice
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SUMMARY CHAPTER 3
VALUES AND PRINCIPLES OF RESTORATIVE DISCIPLINE Value statements are being developed in schools which are used in their policies and their code of ethics. Many of these values reflect a broader value of restorative justice, which includes respect, truthfulness, dependability, self-control, self-discipline, acceptance, responsibility and accountability. Zerh explains the basic principles of restorative justice; which
1. Focuses on harms and consequent needs (the victims’, as well as the communities’ and the offenders’).
2. Addresses obligations resulting from those harms (the offenders’, but also the communities’ and the societies).
3. Uses inclusive, collaborative processes.
4. Involves those with a legitimate stake in the situation (victims,
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From differentiated instruction to differentiated discipline: How is discipline differentiated in various school contexts?
FLEXIBLE POLICIES Lorraine Stutzman Amstutz states how schools that claim they are following restorative approaches through their policies in discipline are not necessarily restorative, but have enough flexibility to allow a restorative response. The peaceable schools movement seeks to create and nurture relationships. The restorative arm seeks to mend relationships when they are damaged or broken.
References
Bodine, J. Richard, K. Donna, and Crawford. The Handbook of Conflict Resolution Education: A Guide to Building Quality Programs in Schools. San Francisco: Jossey-bass, 1998. Print.
Brennan, M. (2002). Abba child. Colorado springs: NavPress.
Lorraine, A., & Judy, M. (2015). The Little Book of Restorative Discipline (p. 7). NewYork: Good Books.
Nelsen, J., Lott, L., & Glenn, S. (2000). Positive discipline in the classroom developing mutual respect, cooperation, and responsibility in your classrooms, 3rd ed. (p. 120). Roseville, Califonia: Prima Publishing.
Zehr, H. (2002). The Little Book of Restorative Justice. NewYork: Good
This essay begins with the introduction of the Risk-Needs-Responsivitiy Model which was developed to assess offending and offer effective rehabilitation and treatment (Andrews & Bonta, 2007). The R-N-R model “remains the only empirically validated guide for criminal justice interventions that aim to help offenders” (Polashek, 2012, p.1) consisting of three principles which are associated with reductions in recidivism of up to 35% (Andrew & Bonta, 2010); risk, need and responsivity. Firstly, the risk principle predicts the offenders risk level of reoffending based on static and dynamic factors, and then matched to the degree of intervention needed. Secondly, the R-N-R targets individual’s criminogenic needs, in relation to dynamic factors. Lastly, the responsivity principle responds to specific responsivity e.g. individual needs and general responsivity; rehabilitation provided on evidence-based programming (Vitopoulous et al, 2012).
Sharon Lewis, Improving School Climate: Findings from Schools Implementing Restorative Practices, (Bethlehem, PA: International Institute for Restorative Practices, 2009).
Many individuals have been affected negatively by trouble makers in school. Troublemakers have either disrupted classes or bullied other students. Yes, trouble makers may harm one’s learning environment, but should they be kicked out of school? Though many individuals argue that troublemakers will not change and hold the class down, they should not be kicked out because they need help. Most of these kids that are disobedient do not know the distinction between right and wrong. We should not withdraw trouble makers from school, rather, we should help these troublemakers and teach them right from wrong. In the article “Let’s Really Reform Our Schools” by Anita Garland, she states that American high schools are disasters because there are troublemakers (694). She asserts that the withdrawal of troublemakers in schools would make the learning environment peaceful for students who want to learn
In February 2002, the House of Commons passed the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA). The Act came into effect in April 2003, replacing the Young Offenders Act (Mapleleaf). The new legislation attempts to balance the legalistic framework of the Young Offenders Act and the social needs approach underlying the Juvenile Delinquents Act. This goal is apparent in the Declaration of Principle stating th...
Weber, G. (2014, January 23). How can we bring respect back into our schools. Retrieved February 25, 2014, from Crisis Prevention website: http://www.crisisprevention.com/Blogs/The-Empathic-Educator/February-2014/How-Can-We-Bring-Respect-Back-Into-Our-Schools
The controversial topic about the function of school is discussed at many school board and PTA meetings throughout America. In Anita Garland’s opinion, schools are not functioning properly. Garland states her reasons as to why the purpose of school has to change in her article, “Lets Really Reform Our Schools”, where she starts off by saying, “Desperate illnesses require desperate remedies. And our schools are desperately ill.” She proceeds to list the remedies in order to transform our schools into a more healthy, successful environment. First, Garland claims that the students who are not interested in studying should not be allowed, better yet, never forced to attend school with kids who want to receive
The problem may be seen as chemical, biological, emotional, intellectual, or social. An essential goal of the justice system is to identify the problem, or problems, and create an appropriate treatment strategy. The practise of incarceration for rehabilitation is based on the notion that the factors causing individuals to resort to unlawful conducts can be changed and that appropriate treatment will reduce offending and reoffending. According to The CSC’s Inmates’ Rights Handbook, in section 11, part
Educational ethics are grounded in traditional community values and a compassion of caring internalized by the educational leader. “Great schools grow when educators understand that the power of their leadership lies in the strength of their relationships” (Donaldson, 2007, p. 29). A clear understanding of the ethics of care and profession encourages a strong foundation of educational leadership. Leading with relationships as well as formal and moral standards creates a learning environment that ultimately supports all learners at a rigorous level. A high level of rigor generates a proud school system and community while concurrently laying the foundation for future
Restorative justice is a new approach that views crime as harm to people and the community. This process allows for communication between the victims, offender and the community effected by the crime. This is a way to promote accountability, and engage understanding, feelings of satisfaction, and a sense of closure. Restorative justice is a non-retributive approach. The restorative justice process includes, but is not limited to; victim-offender mediation, restorative conferences and circle processes. According to Wilson, Huculak and McWhinnie; the recidivism rate for those who were not conference within restorative justice process during their study was 43%, while those who were conferenced was 27%, (2002). They state that these statistics are promising, but at the time the article was written, there was a study underway to determine the effectiveness of the Canadian restorative justice process.
The Goals of Punishment For many generations there has been an old saying that “if you do the crime then do the time” and still applies in this current epidemic. In fact, which goes to show that there are some in society that may need to be punished for their wrong doings. Parents use the same exact metaphor when disciplining their children when they do something wrong. No one is perfect and as humans there will be times when mistakes will be made. Life is all about living and learning from past mistakes and moving on to know what not to do.
Imagine having to walk into school wondering if you are going to be caught in the middle of crossfire between a teacher and a student. Well, that’s what Johnny Trumbley stressed out about every day as he walked into Mountain Gap Middle School. Mountain Gap was an excellent school with copious astute kids who excelled in everything they did. Moreover, the focus of Mountain Gap was to provide students with all the necessities for when they move to high school and sanction them to build relationships between teachers and students that will become propitious for future success. Mountain Gap was the type of school that followed the orders of the school system and never once failed to disregard the superintendent’s orders. In fact most schools are
“Restorative justice is an approach to crime and other wrongdoings that focuses on repairing harm and encouraging responsibility and involvement of the parties impacted by the wrong.” This quote comes from a leading restorative justice scholar named Howard Zehr. The process of restorative justice necessitates a shift in responsibility for addressing crime. In a restorative justice process, the citizens who have been affected by a crime must take an active role in addressing that crime. Although law professionals may have secondary roles in facilitating the restorative justice process, it is the citizens who must take up the majority of the responsibility in healing the pains caused by crime. Restorative justice is a very broad subject and has many other topics inside of it. The main goal of the restorative justice system is to focus on the needs of the victims, the offenders, and the community, and focus
Blood, P., & Thorsborne, M. (2013). Implementing Restorative Practice in Schools: A Practical to Transforming School Communities. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley
This injustice is commonly referred to as the school-to- prison pipeline. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, “zero tolerance” policies in schools criminalize minor violations of school rules, resulting in resource officers placed in schools lead students to be criminalized for situations that should be handled within the school. Moreover, students of color are three times more likely to be severely punished for their behavior than white students. This discrimination follows the student into young adulthood where they are more likely to be incarcerated. This continuous cycle of entering the prison system and then continuously going in and out of it was discussed in the documentary. Possible solutions that have been discussed to end the school-to-prison pipeline include: police being the last resort in fixing conflict, improving the student to staff ratio, and providing more alternative discipline practices. Recently, more schools are noticing the damaging effects related to taking students out of class for disciplinary reasons and have since came up with alternatives to suspension such as restorative justice, which allows students to resolve conflict through conversations that may include the student, the person the student hurt and their
...rs to work with parents and community members to build school effectiveness. Every theory has its place in education and can be applied to multiple situations, none of them more right than the other, they are only different, just like the administrators and educators trying to live and apply them.