A REVIEW OF RESILIENT LEADERSHIP
INTRODUCTION
What is resilience? Many believed resilience is merely the ability to recover, to bounce back, and to cope with a problem when it has happened. However, there is actually more. There are lots of definitions and models for resilience, in which a remarkable one is defined as “the ability to turn challenges into opportunities, to bounce back from the edge of catastrophe, and to move forward with even greater vigor and success than before” (Lengnick-Hall, Beck, & Lengnick-Hall, 2011). This extends the implication of resilience to a capability to prevent predictable risks and adapt to unpredictable changes.
ORIGIN AND COMPONENTS OF RESILIENCE
Resilience is a notion that has received much attention since its foundation more than 40 years ago (Luthar, 2006). According to Hunter and Warren (2013), resilience has been viewed as a collection of traits or characteristics, such as optimism, self-efficacy and hardiness, which assist an individual to adapt to adversity. Nonetheless, it is now widely accepted that resilience originates from a combination of internal and external factors and can be seen as a dynamic process which is developed over time (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004; Ungar, 2012). It has been contended that resilience is a learned process that uses adaptable cognitive, behavioral and emotional responses to adversities and therefore, as a learned process, resilience is a resource that is available to all (Neenan, 2009).
Resilience is believed to be a multi-dimensional construct, rather than a uni-dimensional one (Luthar, Doernberger, & Zigler, 1993). While Davey (2003) and Riolli (2002) states the five personal factors of resilience are emotional stability, extraversion, agreeableness,...
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...e is to build individual capacity in personal features, evaluation, interaction, and taking action. His approach to strengthen resilience adopts a 7 element model which includes: vision, self-determination, interaction, relationships, problem solving, organization and self-confidence. Some ways suggested are being optimistic while facing difficulties, maintaining good relationships with family and friends and enhancing self-confidence.
In addition, Conner’s (1993) five basic characteristics of a resilient person also sheds light on how to develop a more resilient character. It articulates that people can view life as opportunity to keep one being positive, possess a clear vision of what they want to achieve to remain focused, be flexible when responding to uncertainty, use structured approaches to ambiguity and be proactive with change rather than acting against it.
Resiliency is one concept that has never been the human races forte. Many things that happen in our current day and age require a great deal of perseverance and resiliency. People often will give in to the problems in their lives and learn to accept them, instead of persevering through them and working out the issues. The fact of the matter is, if you learn to persevere through problems, your life will be a lot more happy and pleasant to live. In Tennessee Williams’ play, “ A Streetcar Named Desire” suggests that you cannot give up on issues; you must be resilient to those issues and persevere to be happy.
The relationship between personality and resilience has become a topic of interest due to the prevalent concept that some people are less vulnerable to the impacts of stress and recover faster from stress. Personality is regarded as a crucial factor that affects the behavioral aspects of humans in their social and personal life. The personality of an individual represents different patterns of behavior that are relatively predictable and stable. In this perspective, personality can be seen as an expression of distinction from one person to the other and allows for the enables in the prediction of relative behaviors in various situations. Personality type is regarded as a psychological method of classifying various types of people.
Edith Groberg, a developmental psychologist, argued, “resilience is importance because it is the human capacity to face, over come and be strengthened by or even transformed by the adversities of life” (1995). Resilience makes it possible for young children to face, overcome and even be strengthened when they are facing challenges in lives. When young children learn to manage difficult experiences, it can make a huge difference to their immediate and long-term success and wellbeing (The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, 2013). One of the educational targets in the Victorian State Government is that children are happy, healthy and resilient (State Government Victoria, 2017). Educators working within Victoria state are to focus their efforts
Resilience is having the motive to go through hard times and ‘bounce back’ from them and learnt how to deal with certain situations. To be resilient you must have a positive point of view on life. Anh’s book ‘The happiest refugee’ He was born into a 1970’s Vietnam, He and his family were forced to leave their country due to seeking safety and freedom from war. Anh uses resilience through his comedic, selfless actions. Resilience has allowed Anh to improve the quality of his life, and the lives of those around him.
Resilience and hardiness has long been a topic of research and discussion within different paradigms and fields of study, for example, in military psychology, psychiatry, health statistics and measurement, medical anthropology, education, medicine and organizational settings. Resilience means the skills, abilities, acquaintance, and insight that accumulate over time as people struggle to conquer adversity and meet challenges. It is an ongoing and developing fund of energy and skill that can be used in current struggles (Saleebey, 1996; Liebenberg, 2005).Most commonly, the term resilience has come to mean an individual's ability to overcome adversity and continue his or her normal development.
Resilience is not an attribute or personality characteristic of an individual but a dynamic process wherein people show positive adaptation despite experiences of major adversity or trauma. (LUTHAR & CICCHETTI, 2000) Resilience is a two-dimensional construct regarding adversity exposure and the proper adjustment outcomes of that adversity. (LUTHAR & CICCHETTI, 2000) The two-dimensional construct means implies two judgments about the significance of adversity and a positive adaptation to adversity. (Masten & Obradovic, 2006).
book remains a true testimony to the resilience of the human mind, body, and spirit.
Richardson, G. E. (2002). The Metatheory of Resilience and Resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 307-321. doi:10.1002/jclp.10020
Within psychology adolescence is described as a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. It is a period between year twelve and late teens, when the physical growth is complete, the person becomes sexually mature and establishes identity (Nolen-Hoeksema, Friedricson, Loftus & Wagenaar, 2009). During this period of development, the individual has to face several risk factors, which are considered as a hazard on normal psychological development of an individual (Colman, 2009). This means, that experiencing them is associated with vulnerability, developing mental health problems and problematic behaviors such as for instance greater risk taking, school related deviance and school failure, teen pregnancy, substance misuse, aggression, violence or vandalism or in other words delinquency and antisocial behavior (Perkins & Borden, 2003). Therefore risk factors have a potential not just endanger the present developmental period, but also jeopardize the future biological and psychological development (Beam, Gill-Rivas, Greenberger & Chen, 2002; Perkins & Borden, 2003). However, not all young individual will respond to risk factors by developing negative outcomes. Some develop resilience and adapt to changes and stressors (Crawford, 2006; Perkins & Borden, 2003). Furthermore it has been suggested, that risk factors are desirable for developing this kind of positive outcome (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005). According to Fonagy et. al. (1994) (cited in Crawford, 2006) resilience can be defined as normal development under difficult conditions. It leads to overcoming and coping with the negative effects of exposure to risk factors (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005). To maintain this, protective factors need to be put in place (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2...
According to psychology, the ability of humans to adapt to negative life situations and withstand stress and adversity is centered in a concept called resilience. An individual with resilience may experience the stress and pain that oppression and adversity brings; however, they are better able to control their negative emotions, rather than allowing these emotions to control their thoughts and actions. Resilience is not something people are born with or without, it is a trait that is developed. However, there are causational factors that contribute to the development of resilience. A few of these factors are: Having at least one close friendship and or having a
...der to surpass the stress experienced by the whole family. It is continuously staying strong and supporting each family member in the changes that might take place in order to respond to the internal and external forces. In brief, developing a resilient family does not solely depend on just those part of the family, everyone has a significant role to play in order for a family to cope with the internal and external stress they encounter. The article is truly useful in most of the situations Filipino families are experiencing right now. It would not only guide them but also mold those families to become stronger and have higher hopes and goals in life. Metaphorically, Understanding Family Resilience is similar to a guide for families to follow in order to have a stronger relationship, not just with those part of their family but also those part of their environment.
Strengthening Family Resilience Family resilience can be described as the successful coping of family members under adversity that enables support and cohesion within the family (Walsh, 2006). According to the research, resilient families typically have many of the following protective factors: positive outlook, spirituality, family member accord, flexibility, family communication, financial management, family time, shared recreation, routines and rituals, and outside support networks (Walsh, 2003). These protective factors not only serve as a function within the family structure, but are a factor in the therapeutic process. The family resilience perspective in therapy shifts away from a deficit-based lens that views struggling families as
Resilience is the ability to cope with change. The resilience has long been touted as a essential capability for bouncing back from leadership setbacks. Resilience is not easily attainable in today’s ever-changing business environment. The faith that there will be an immediate solution when it’s not immediately evident, and the tenacity to carry-on despite a nagging gut feeling that the situation is hopeless; it requires courage to achieve such high level of success in one’s career. A strong leader tries to keep away frequent setbacks and new challenges in face of uncertainty. The practical knowledge that he/she gains through this learning experience guide the organization through difficult times.
From my understanding, I have come to view resilience as the art of not dwelling. This personal definition, I recognize, only summarizes half of the word’s meaning, not even touching on the action of recovery. I chose to view it in this way because, I find it helps me to find it manageable. I often struggle with experiencing difficulties or changes, I often find myself internalizing my problems which leads me to introspection and self doubt. By concentrating on a single facet I am able to better manage resilience. Despite my choice to ignore the second half on the word’s meaning, by choosing not to dwell, I have found recovery becomes easier to achieve. As a person who prefers math and science, problem solving from an analytical perspective is an enjoyable task, but when emotions are involved the process gets derailed or takes longer. I have found that using my strategy of not dwelling I am able to analytically look at my situation and consider my next steps to
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006); Methodological issues in positive psychology and the assessment of character strengths. In A.D. Ong & M. van Dulmen (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Methods in Positive Psychology (pp.292-305). Oxford: Oxford University Press; available from [Book]. Retrieved on 28 February 2014