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Basel convention 2018 banking
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Research Questions
Introductory Information
The financial system’s role in society is to efficiently allocation credit (Hartlage, 2012). However, the nature of banking is to receive short-term maturity deposits, but lend long-term (Hartlage, 2012). Consequently, this process of transforming maturities exposes banks to liquidity risks (Hartlage, 2012).
The global financial crises (GFC) of 2008 initiated as a credit crisis, which turned into a liquidity crisis as banks, were afraid to lend to other banks because they did not know who was holding illiquid assets ( Imbierowicz & Rauch , 2014). Liquidity and credit risks play a central role in bank stability, failing to account for their joint occurrence in their risk management systems was a major cause of bank failure during the GFC (Imbierowicz & Rauch, 2014). After the GFC, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) reached the Basel III accord, a measure designed to strengthen the liquidity positions of financial institutions, so that they could sustain financial and economic shocks (Ramona, 2013).
Part of the Basel III liquidity recommendations is the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), whose implementation will be a challenging task for any bank (Ramona, 2013). Banks will also need to streamline their systems, and processes to operate effectively, and reduce capital requirements (Ramona, 2013). According Hartlage (2012), LCR’s objective is to require banks to have sufficient liquidity to survive 30 days under severe financial hardship.
There are key implications for future work seeking to understand the impact of Basel III LCR requirements (Balasubramanyan and VanHoose, 2013). First, the dynamic behavior of cash flows used to compute the LCR’s denominator (Balasubra...
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... The relationship between liquidity risk and credit risk in banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 40242-256. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.11.030
Jasienėl, M., Martinavičius, J., Jasevičienė, F., & Krivkienė, G. (2012). Bank liquidity risk: analysis and estimates. Business, Management & Education / Verslas, Vadyba Ir Studijos, 10(2), 186-204. doi:10.3846/bme.2012.14
Kern, R. (2012).The research questions handout. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from http://apps.fischlerschool.nova.edu/toolbox/Dissertation/Handouts/
Laerd Dissertation (2012). In Dissertations & Theses an online textbook. Retrieved from http://dissertation.laerd.com/
Ramona, T. (2013).BASEL I, II, III: Challenges to the bank’s capital adequacy. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 22(2), 463-471. Retrieved from http://steconomice.uoradea.ro/anale/en_index.html
In 1913, the Federal Reserve System was enacted, it has three primary objectives; eradicating the “pyramiding” of reserves in New York City and substitute it with a polycentric system of twelve reserve banks, which will help the banks with a more seasonal elastic supply of credit and minimize the tendency for banking panics (Calomiris, 1993). The discount rate that is set by the Federal Reserve System is used for interest rates charged to the commercial banks and other banks for overnight loans (discount window) borrowed from the Federal Reserve (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2013). By discounting the loan rate, the banks would have lower liquidity problems because banks are able to borrow at a lower rate, which then reduces the pressure in the reserve markets and keeping the financial markets constant. To help the depository institutions, primary credit, the Federal Reserve Bank developed three rates of discount window, namely primary credit, secondary credit and seasonal credit.
Del Mar, Alexander. “History Of Monetary Systems: Chapter XVII: Bank Suspension Since The Era Of Private Coinage” History of the World, 01-01-1992
The presence of systemic risk in the current United States financial system is undeniable. Systemic risks exist when the failure of one firm may topple others and destabilize the entire financial system. The firm is then "too big to fail," or perhaps more precisely, "too interconnected to fail.” The Federal Stability Oversight Council is charged with identifying systemic risks and gaps in regulation, making recommendations to regulators to address threats to financial stability, and promoting market discipline by eliminating the expectation that the US federal government will come to the assistance of firms in financial distress. Systemic risks can come through multiple forms, including counterparty risk on other financial ...
Globally, banks have been facing big challenges in the last few years and continue to do so. As a result of the financial crisis, the regulators have tightened the minimum capital requirements with the aims to create a more solid and shock-resistant banking system especially for the so called Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs). The Financial Stability Board is expecting to raise the total loss-absorbing capacity
Major banks are cutting back on some of their legally permitted operations, such as- market making, and that has led to liquidity issues in the bond markets. Proprietary trading could become unregulated if more banking activities continue moving towards the shadow banking system. This would essentially defeat one of the main purposes of Volcker Rule. [d] The third major unintended consequence has been the degree by which the Federal Reserve has become the main regulator of the finance industry. In order to discourage future bailouts similar to the ones during the financial crisis, the Dodd-Frank Act limited the Fed’s emergency powers. However the liquidity and capital standards now imposed by Fed has purportedly become one of the most important regulatory developments of the Dodd-Frank Act.
In regards to the corporation’s balance sheet, it is necessary to place an importance on liquidity ratios to demonstrate the company’s ability to pay its short term obligations such as accounts payable and notes that have a duration of less than one year. These commonly used liquidity ratios include the current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio. All three ratios are used to measure the liquidity of a company or business. The current ratio is used to indicate a business’s ability to meet maturing obligations. The quick ratio is used to indicate the company’s ability to pay off debt. Finally the cash ratio is used to measure the amount of capital as well short term counterparts a business has over its current liabilities.
Now that we have reviewed the literature and empirical evidence on the problem of procyclicality arising from Basel II, we shall see how these problems may be addressed. As already noted, regulatory capital requirements, thr...
The current cash debt coverage ratio dropped from 3.38 to 2.69. This is because the increase in cash from operating activities (26%) is lower than the increase in the average total current liabilities (58%). Again, IQ seems to remain highly liquid nevertheless.
...ence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards’, Basle Committee on Banking Supervision, vol.1, no.1, p1-28.
Binhammer, H. H. & Peter S. Sephton. Money, Banking and the Financial System. Nelson, 2001.
Ritter, Lawrence R., Silber, William L., Udell, Gregory F. 2000, Money, banking, and Financial Markets, 10th edn, USA.
Credit risk is an aspect where the bank borrower may fail to fulfill its obligations in regards to the underline terms. In most banks loans are the most and largest sources of risks. Therefore banks have to draw some measures to reduce the coverage of credit risks. Banks ought to have great awareness in need to control, identify, measure and monitor credit risk and also make sure that they have enough capital in relations to these risks and they sufficiently cater for the risk incurred.
Ferguson et al. International financial stability. Geneva: International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies, 2007. Print.
Research philosophy, refers to the development of knowledge adopted by the researchers in their research (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In other words, it is the theory that used to direct the researcher for conducting the procedure of research design, research strategy, questionnaire design and sampling (Malhotra, 2009). It is very important to have a clear understanding of the research philosophy so that we could examine the assumptions about the way we view the world, which are contained in the research philosophy we choose, knowing that whether they are appropriate or not (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), three major ways of thinking about research philosophy are examined: ontology, epistemology and axiology. Each of them carries significant differences which will have an impact on the way we consider the research procedures. Ontology, “is concerned with nature of reality”, while epistemology “concerns what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study and axiology “studies judgements about value” (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p110, p112, p116). This study is intent on creating some “facts” from objective evaluations which are made by the subjects. Therefore, epistemology will be chosen for this study as the way of thinking about the research philosophy.
While banking and financial institutions have play an important role in contributing the economic growth by collecting and allocating the resources to those who in need of finance, it also can bring the financial chaos to the economy as well. Since this industry is a sentitive and fragile one, the banking superivision is required to monitor on the banking system aiming to identify and measure risks in order to protect not only the financial institutions but also the customers from the contagious risk that would happen without any alert. Moreover, banking supervision is established in order to protect depositors against avoidable losses, thereby contributing to confidence in the financial system and the