A hero is one that has the qualities to achieve greatness. But, what is a tragic hero? Aristotle said that a tragic hero is, “A hero that is not a superman; he is fallible” (Kennedy 945). A tragic hero is a protagonist of a tragedy. A tragedy is “an imitation of action high of importance, complete and of some amplitude; in language enhanced by distinct and varying beauties; acted not narrated; by means of pity and fear effecting its purgation of these emotions. ” (Aristotle, Poetics, Chapter VI). Sophocles’ Oedipus, King of Thebes, fits the image of a perfect Athenian, one that is confident, strong, and intelligent. Oedipus portrays Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero because of his determination to unfolding the truth of his fate, but it is his flaws that keeps him from doing so.
There are many tales of people’s lives that don’t end well. Some are better than others, while some are worse. There are no tales more tragic than that of Oedipus. Fated to kill his own father and bed his own mother, Oedipus’s fate is one of tragedy and ill fortune. All the good that happened to him was a façade for what his true fate was to be. His actions while alive were not heroic, rather they were a means to push him ever closer to his true end.
Sophocles’ Oedipus is arguably one of the best tragic heroes in ancient literature, but does he conform to the Aristotelian criteria of tragic heroes? In his work Poetics, Aristotle details the characteristics that must comprise such a character, providing playwrights a strict criterion to follow when writing dramas. One character that is consistently mentioned along with this definition is the notorious Oedipus. Oedipus was the king of Thebes who slowly learned that he was responsible for the death of his father and was married to his own mother. This brief analysis of the text will attempt to argue that Oedipus does indeed meet his standards, specifically through his great flaw, change of fortune, code of ethics and the dramatic irony that
In order to describe Oedipus as a tragic hero, one must begin by describing a tragedy. A tragedy must consist of a variety of elements in order to truly fulfill its purpose. According to Aristotle, the most important element is plot (175). Without the events that unify all aspects, the story would not be held together. It is the actions of the tragic hero that lead to his downfall, and that define his characteristics and set into motion all other aspects of the work. In Oedipus the King, it is Oedipus's attempt to avoid his destiny, an overt act of hubris, that leads to his rise in power and ultimate fall. In this aspect, he completely fulfills the job of a tragic hero.
According to the classical definition of tragedy, “The tragic hero should be a ruler or leader whose character is good and whose misfortune is brought about by some error or frailty” (Butcher). Oedipus perfectly fits this role. He is the king of Thebes who saved the city from the riddle of the Sphinx. This confirms that Oedipus’ character is good. As for Oedipus’ tragic flaw; he is prideful, and will not yield in an argument even when he has no facts to support himself with. Creon knows this and in and argument with Oedipus states, “You are sullen in your yielding mood/ As in your anger you were savage./ Your anger justly plagues you the most” (Sophocles). Creon describes Oedipus perfectly here. When Oedipus refuses to yield, he is often hit by further tragedy. This a perfect example of this comes when Oedipus refuses to listen to Jocasta’s advice and pursues the shepherd that witnessed Laius’ murder. This shepherd bears the awful news of Oedipus’ true identity, a tragedy that is a direct result of Oedipus’ tragic
Because of his high status in society and his high morals, Oedipus can be considered a tragic hero. When the priest first addresses Oedipus, he says, “Oedipus, you who rule my land…” (11). The priest directly states that Oedipus is the king, reflecting Oedipus’ high status. Besides his high rank, Oedipus also shows that he has high ethical characteristics. When addressing the people of Thebes about the poor status of the city, Oedipus states, “…my soul groans for the city, for me and you/together” (13). He feels more pain than the people individually do because he pains for all of them. Oedipus genuinely cares about the well-being o...
The play, “Oedipus the King” by Sophocles will show the tragic destiny of Oedipus; the King of Thebes. In the beginning, the play slowly starts to unfold until Oedipus realizes a mistake, and downwards spiral begins. The play will convey how “tragic power resides in human failing” (Walton). Although Oedipus did not intentional kill, his father and marry his mother. The author’s view of a tragic hero as seen in the play, “Oedipus the King” will exemplify Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. Because Oedipus is of elevated estate the King of Thebes, with a fallible flaw resulting in a high to low fall.
In the prologue Oedipus is seen as a captain of the ship: “Ah, when years of kingship are remembered, let them not say we rose, but later fell. Keep the state from going down in the storm!” (P.961, line 51-53) Then Oedipus replies to the people letting them know that he has sent his brother-in-law to the Oracle to get help for the city. He is very overconfident at this point because he has already saved Thebes from the curse of Sphinx and taken great pride in his name: “I would not have you speak through messengers- I, Oedipus, who bear the famous name.” (P. 960, line 7-9) He is in even more of a good spirit when he hears that Creon has returned: “May his news be as fair as his face is Radiant!” (P.961, line 83) After getting the news about the King before him from Creon, Oedipus changes into an investigator: “Where shall we find a clue to solve that crime, after so many years?” (P.962, 112)
If one is familiar with Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero, one may consider King Oedipus, from Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, as a potential example of an ideal tragic hero. Sophocles exemplifies the definition of a tragic hero in his portrayal of King Oedipus, in addition to masterfully constructing a tragedy that has lasted the ages and continues to thrive as a classic work of literature to this day. A brief review of Oedipus Rex reveals key elements when defining a tragic hero. The first is the situation, as it unfolds, is complex in nature. The protagonist, King Oedipus, is of nobility and high respect; however, he is also troubled personally by unresolved questions of his past. The second element is his hamartia or error, a tragic flaw of sorts. The last element is his fall from his position of power and respect, after the climax of the story.
Oedipus the King, by Sophocles is about Oedipus, a man doomed by his fate. Like most tragedies, Oedipus the King contains a tragic hero, a heroic figure unable to escape his own doom. This tragic hero usually has a hamartia, a tragic flaw, which causes his downfall. The tragic flaw that Sophocles gives Oedipus is hubris (exaggerated pride or self-confidence), which is what caused Oedipus to walk right into the fate he sought to escape. Oedipus' pride pushes him toward his tragic end in the initial journey, when he kills his father, in the episode of the sphinx, and in his adamant search for truth.