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Feminist critique of the role of women in henry james novels
Henry James, the pupil, analysis
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Nevertheless, there are two types of repression, or rather two stages, the first being primal repression as just discussed, which occurs mostly in infancy and will be explored specifically in relation to The Garden Party. Most importantly, an understanding of the second part of repression is most applicable to Henry James’s story, The Beast in the Jungle. Abbott (2011) observed that this is what Freud called ‘repression proper,’ which concerns the ‘after-pressure’ of both the repulsion and attraction of the instinct created by the primal repression. As mentioned before, the instinct itself does not seize to exist it just becomes sublimated and turned into a repression. Therefore, ‘the trend towards repression would fail in its purpose if these …show more content…
Unearthing Repression 1. It is clear that May is the conscious influence that causes the instinctual representative of Marcher’s repression to develop more profusely. Hence, ‘the whole question [of the beast] was a new luxury to him-that is, from the moment she was in possession.’ (743) Marcher does not know what is being repressed or what the ‘id’ instinctual drive is because the repression itself is something that always remains deep within the unconscious. The mystery surrounding what the instinctual representative remains as allusive as the text itself. 2. “Well, say to wait for, to have to meet, to face, to see suddenly breakout in my life; possibly annihilating me; possibly on the other hand, only altering everything, striking at the root of my world and leaving me to the consequences, however, they shape themselves.” (Stayer, 2012) 3. Many critics, notably Sedgwick, have seen Marcher’s ‘beast’ as his unacknowledged or unrecognised homosexuality as ‘a man of feeling didn’t cause himself to be accompanied by a woman on a tiger hunt.’ (750) 4. It is telling that Marcher’s version of the past is full of error, while May’s is full of corrections; ‘he was really still more pleased on her showing him, with amusement, that in his haste to make everything right, he had got most things rather wrong.’
Ever since the defense mechanism of sublimation was coined by Freud in “Three Essays” (1905), the psychological community has been particularly interested further investigating the validity of this concept and reforming new theories around it. Sublimation today is described as a mature defense mechanism at which socially unacceptable impulses are transformed into socially acceptable aims. Freud referred to sublimation as a necessary component for a healthy psychological condition and as the most complete drive density. Being such a critical element of Freudian psychoanalysis, the concept has received a substantial amount of attention by the psychological community. The concept of sublimation is, at its surface, generally convincing and logical.
The period of time running from the 1890’s through the early 1930’s is often referred to as the “Progressive Era.” It was a time where names such as J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould and John D. Rockefeller stood for the progress of America and their great contributions to American industry and innovation. This chapter however, has a much darker side. Deplorable working conditions, rampant political corruption and power hungry monopolies and trusts threatened the working class of America and the steady influx of European immigrants hoping to make a better life for themselves and their families. What started as a grass-roots movement pushing for political reform at the local and municipal levels soon began to encompass
In the late eighteenth century arose in literature a period of social, political and religious confusion, the Romantic Movement, a movement that emphasized the emotional and the personal in reaction to classical values of order and objectivity. English poets like William Blake or Percy Bysshe Shelley seen themselves with the capacity of not only write about usual life, but also of man’s ultimate fate in an uncertain world. Furthermore, they all declared their belief in the natural goodness of man and his future. Mary Shelley is a good example, since she questioned the redemption through the union of the human consciousness with the supernatural. Even though this movement was well known, none of the British writers in fact acknowledged belonging to it; “.”1 But the main theme of assignment is the narrative voice in this Romantic works. The narrator is the person chosen by the author to tell the story to the readers. Traditionally, the person who narrated the tale was the author. But this was changing; the concept of unreliable narrator was starting to get used to provide the story with an atmosphere of suspense.
After years of loneliness and misery, Marcher realizes what he had been oblivious to and, ultimately, everything he had lost, most importantly, the love he had lost. “This horror of waking—this was knowledge, knowledge under the breath of which the very tears in his eyes seemed to freeze” (1177). He could have escaped his fate of nothingness and loneliness, “The escape would have been to love her; then, then he would have lived” (1176). Marcher’s punishment for being so selfish and self-absorbed was that “he had been the man of his time, the man, to whom nothing on earth was to have happened” (1176). This was the story of a man whose ego was the “beast” in the “jungle” of
Rochette-Crawley, S. (2004) James T. Farrell. The Literary Encyclopedia. April 2, 2004. Retrieved on May 13, 2009 from http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1487
“I aimed for the public’s heart, and by accident I hit them in the stomach” (Sinclair). Upton Sinclair uses these words to describe the reaction his novel, The Jungle, receives upon first publication. Sinclair’s original purpose of The Jungle intends to illustrate the difficult challenges of immigrants in Chicago at the turn of the century; giving details and samples of abuses in the Chicago meatpacking industry to highlight their troubles. Instead, the public demands government intervention against the atrocities and this public outcry leads to the 1906 Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. Elements of Naturalism exist throughout most of the text. Naturalism attempts to apply scientific ideals and division when studying the human race. In Upton Sinclair’s brutally descriptive novel, The Jungle, the literary elements of character, setting, and theme show three areas where the book illustrates naturalistic fictional trends.
Byatt, A.S. “The Thing in the Forest.” The Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed. Kelly J. Mays. 11th ed. New York: Norton, 2013. 352-67.
Discuss how Upton Sinclair portrays the economic tensions and historical processes at hand in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Throughout the passage the style of writing comes across as quite argumentative and analytical, yet the content and his ideas, at the time of writing, would have been quite outrageous. He offers to `... analyse modesty...' (p. 131) giving the impression that he will go about the whole business in something of a scientific way. However, the extremeness of his ideas makes one wonder just how serious he was about it.
...thern Literary Journal. Published by: University of North Carolina Press. Vol. 4, No. 2 (spring, 1972), pp. 128-132.
Even though monopolies are illegal, public corruption allows companies to form and continues to be a problem today. In an article published by the Los Angeles, Anh Do
This essay agrees with the sexual developmental conflict theory, rather than social conflict theory in Poe’s short story. It explains how during the 19th century,when it was written, cases on sexual incest were kept quiet and discrete. This secrecy has kept the reader from viewing the old man as a perpetrator as well as a victim even a century and a half after Poe wrote the mysterious tale. This view brought a new perspective on the short story yet, provides excellent details and examples for support.
However, by societal standards, a person who desires to appear socially intact and to be socially accepted must control these aggressive thoughts so they don’t lead to aggressive actions. According to Freud, by these means civilization “obtains mastery over the individual’s dangerous desire for aggression” (71). Therefore, the subdued aggression remains within the individual, as he or she is not able to reveal it, and the build-up results in a self-attack of one’s own conscience and ego. Civilization exerts control over this part of a person’s psyche due to a distinct anxiety that Freud refers to as a “fear of loss of love” (71). Essentially, people act in certain ways that they may consider to be “wrong” and end up feeling guilty for, even if they themselves don’t truly believe the action to be wrong because they are bound to social standards of acceptable behavior. The text allows for an interpretation based on the idea that all sentient human beings are predominantly influenced and motivated by one another in some way, even if those influences and motivations aren’t completely
The story begins with a suggestion of a seasonal setting; the party at which Marcher and May meet takes place at a manor called Weatherend, and the two characters are named for months, one of which is cold and dreary and the other is bright and lively. Even though James chose to write in the third person narrative, the person telling the story stays relatively detached from the characters usually, the third person point of view becomes an all-knowing one, but in “The Beast in the Jungle”, there is a distance from the characters that contradicts the typical effect of this narrative device. For example, d...
Long regarded as the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) lives on today as an incredibly influential and powerful figure in the applied discipline of psychology. For Freud, it was his intense study of dialogue and interplay of involuntary human communication that ultimately led to his conclusions concerning the human unconscious. In contemporary studies, these conclusions have evolved into many of the distinguished, and more importantly controversial theories we associate with his name: the Oedipus complex; castration anxiety; penis envy; repetition compulsion; repression; etc. Much of the contention surrounding Freud is grounded in the belief that his works instituted notions that cannot be proven scientifically, such as personality development in infantile stages; sexuality in unconscious desire; and the unconscious drives behind human mannerism. Yet, despite the fact that many of Freud’s theories have not withstood the test of scientific scrutiny, few can argue against the fact that Freudianism is still impactful and has permeated other branches of modern theory. To prove this point, we can bring to attention the names of two modern theorists that have not only built upon Freud’s ideas in their work, but have consequently expanded his influence into other realms of literature, and other spheres of study. Harold Bloom (1930 – present) and Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) are only two notable thinkers that extend Freud’s ideas and have gained far-reaching influence in intellectual life. In response to this revival however, new opponents of Freud have found the opportunity to retaliate with their concerns and arguments. Nevertheless, the presentation of human identity and unconscious by Freud’s opponents and successors c...