Establishing Reliability and Validity
In conducting a research or survey, the quality of the data collected in the research is of utmost importance. One’s assessment may be reliable and not valid and thus this is why it is important that when designing a survey, one should also come up with the methods of testing the reliability and validity of the assessment tools. For MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) to conduct a survey, the questions they propose to use must pass the validity and reliability test for one to conclude that the survey is reliable and valid. This survey will try to find out the risk factors that contribute to drunken driving by teenagers or young adults.
Reliability can be defined as the statistical measurement of how consistent and repetitive a research tool or instrument can measure what it is purported to do (Litwin, 1995, p. 6). Validity on the other hand is the measure of how truly or correctly the tool or instrument can measure what it is designed to do (Miller & Kirk, 1986, p.19). Reliability and validity are asymmetrical, meaning that one can be able to achieve ideal reliability with no validity but with a perfect validity comes a perfect reliability. But theoretically, one cannot be able to achieve a perfect validity as no instrument or tool can perfectly be standardized and no assessment or experiment can be perfectly controlled (Miller & Kirk, 1995, p. 21). Normally, tests on reliability are done but none are done on validity. To assess the reliability and validity of the questions that MADD want to use in their survey, several tests will be run on the questions to evaluate the different types or reliabilities and validity. To establish the validity and reliability of this survey, a pilot survey ...
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...and validity of the questions that MADD wish to use, then we can have confidence that the survey data collected will be close to the true value and that it measures the risk factors that play a big role in teenage drunk driving. Having a perfect survey is not possible, but with good standardization of the research tools, we can be able to achieve a high level of reliability and hence a highly valid survey result.
Works Cited
Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment. London: Sage Publications Inc.
Goodwin, C. J. (2010). Research in psychology: Methods and design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
Kirk, J., & Miller, M. L. (1986). Reliability and validity in qualitative research. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Litwin, M. S. (1995). How to measure survey reliability and validity. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Drunk driving is an issue that effects many people across our nation. People do not realize the affects alcohol can have on the body and mind that slow decision making while driving. This issue begins in the home. Children see their parents, or other adults figures, have a beer or a cocktail and get in the car. Thus, making it seem like it is acceptable to drink and drive. “One in three people will be involved in an alcohol-related crash in their lifetime” (MADD).
Since MADD has been in existence there has been a 43% decline in alcohol related traffic fatalities (MADD stats and resources homepage). It has consistently been providing statistics on excessive drinking, complete drunk driving research, the effects of underage drinking, laws regarding alcohol, and current news stories. MADD is not just advertised on the television and library, but has continuously been able to reach the public through the use of the internet. The website www.madd.org has reached thousands of people to spread the word of the harmful effects of alcohol abuse whether the consumer is underage or not. The large load of ...
Likewise, in order to validate construct validity, Malhotra et al. (2012) recommends that in conducting research, researchers should use multi versus single-item scales to validate data from experiments, depending upon the complexity of the experiment. Malhotra et al. (2012) also recommends using a step-by-step approach ...
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Drunk Driving is very dangerous and increasing in the United States every year. Every minute there is someone getting into a fatal accident caused by drunk driving. Every year every adult will pay $500 per year. There are 50-75% of drunk drivers that will still drive on a suspended license. One out of three teens will die because of an alcohol related death. An average drunk driver will drive at least 80 times before getting caught (Caron 2013). There are teens every day that face peer pressure with alcohol. It is very easily in today’s society for teens to follow their peers because parents have to work, so this means there never home. Teens 13-17 need to be educated on what could happen if driving drunk.
"Underage Drinking & Teen Drinking Prevention Through Education." Fighting Drunk Driving & Underage Drinking | The Century Council. Web. .
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According to C. Engs, research from the 1980s until the present has shown a continuous decrease in drinking and driving related variable which has parallel the nations and also university students, decre...
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With this I will explain the impact from certain people’s view from the causes of drinking and driving.
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The growing awareness of alcohol hazards has made people more cautious of their drinking habits, particularly young adults. At present young adults have the highest prevalence of alcohol consumption than any other age group. They also drink more heavily, experience more negative consequences, and engage in more harmful activities, specifically drunk driving. Although surveys have documented a decline in recent years, consumption rates remain highest from late teen years to the late twenties (Johnston1-3). Despite the long-term decline since 1982 in alcohol related traffic deaths, a 4 percent increase occurred between 1994 and 1995 among young adults age 21 and over (Hingson 4). As alcohol-impaired driving persists, legal and community initiatives intervene to help reduce the problem, as well as, continuing research on possible solutions.
Looking back on our history, Alcohol exist in an immensely charming but dangerous way，we have struggled to understand and manage alcohol’s power. People general thinking that drinking alcohol beverage can inspire their enthusiasm, some artists use alcohol to gain inspiration, some soldiers use alcohol to make them valiant. Drinking alcohol beverage, like a tradition, has been carried out for thousands years to the recent day. But in today’s world, alcohol consumption is causing more serious problems than before, probably even counteract the benefits. This essay intends to discuss the problems that alcohol consumption could brings to us. Its main focus will be the alcohol abuse in teenagers、drank driving