a. Child Supervision- supervising the children’s activity in the home. This can include homework, playing outside, on the computer or during adaptive activities such as toilet training and bathing,
Baseline Skill Level: Parent data taken from Samuel’s sessions reflect that Ines participates in session 20% of the time when prompted. Sessions with Samuel include toilet training, playing and sharing with sisters outside.
b. Positive Reinforcement-Reinforcing the children when engaging in appropriate behavior such as following instructions and sharing. Reinforcement can include, but not limited to token systems, edible reinforcers and social praise. Baseline Skill Level: Parent data taken from Samuel’s session reflect that Ines uses positive reinforcement 10% of opportunities. It has been observed
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She is often cooking, watching television, folding clothes all at once and taking breaks in between.
b. Budgeting: Creating a list of items needed for home, finding reasonable prices and creating a budget to fit those needs. Additionally, making sure to budget out a reasonable amount for personal spending.
Baseline Skill Level: Ines budgets money for home needs and personal spending 0% of opportunities. Usually, Ines shops with her husband or in-laws. Currently, she does not work or have her own bank account.
4. Other
a. Community Access: Accessing public transportation (as needed), appropriate community groups (mommy groups), or other community groups that support Ines and her family.
Baseline Skill Level: Ines accesses community groups and/or public transportation as needed 0% of opportunities. Ines stays home and has expressed the desire to join community groups to have other people to talk to. Also, she states that if there is an emergency, since she can’t drive, she would like to learn either how to drive or take public
Positive feedback is all about promoting change in the behavior. I was raised within a household that rely on negative feedback and punishment to promote good behavior. Sometimes I did reward my nephews for positive behaviors but it was not done continuously or in a way that would result in positive behavior change. I come to believe that negative reinforcement was the key to ameliorating bad behaviors until I took notice the positive feedback I was given minimizes the bad attitudes and behaviors of the children. They were getting along well and whenever I praise one the others wanted to get that praise also, I believe that motivate them to behave appropriately. For instance, when one did a good deed I would make all the other clap while saying “well done” or something positive. It was a very long process because children do not change their ways from one day to the next, I couldn’t say I was very patience but see them attempt to better themselves, was what motivate
Positive reinforcement works by presenting something positive to the person after a desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when a child helps their mother with the dishes and the mothers rewards the child with ice cream. Negative reinforcement, is when a behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when the light goes green at a traffic light, the car in front of a person does not move. The person hates when this happens and from experience knows that honking the car’s horn gets cars that are in front of them to go
The reinforcement theory was of interest for a consideration as a tool in my current work environment and possibly be utilized as intervention of controlling the behaviors of employees. Since, I have observed the negative behavior of employees displayed due to varies unjust reasons that demotivate them to perform at an optimal level. Therefore, I believe implementing positive reinforcement to rebuild trust and to motivate employees by acknowledging a job well done, reward programs, and providing challenging task would encourage them and give them something to strive for to be higher achievers. In addition, all things mention and utilizing the reinforcement theory can reinforce the desired behavior in the workplace. Furthermore, I think that
Positive reinforcement is a method of presenting to children the appropriate behavior from the inappropriate behaviors. This is done by pointing out the correct behavior and giving some form of encouraging reward. The idea is that all behaviors
Positive reinforcement and consent encouragement is a key part of learning, which I observed in my week of placement. The students would get that feedback from their teacher after doing a task correct, it would allow the students to excel with the next task with a positive outlook and enough encouragement to do it on their own. It gave the students a safe and supported platform for their learning to occur ‘ (Mackay, 2013, pp. 360)
The next task these groups were asked to complete was to test the children’s ability to self-teach. Two sessions were conducted. The first session took place a week before the sec...
The children are put through different learning experiences and tasks, for the professionals to evaluate and observe their different development stages. All this helps to understand the children’s adult characteristics for future life as every child’s play experiences are crucial to their adult life.
Even the way that the children pronounce certain words. It is important to be as descriptive as possible when writing the information down because you want the reader (parent because you should never share personal information with others) to be able to feel like they are there when the situation happened. And always remember to keep the information to facts and not opinions! Much like any other type of observation, anecdotal recordings also have disadvantages. This type of recording is not a lengthy. The observations happen over several minutes and then are over with. While those few minutes are taking place, the teacher can only focus on one to two children at a time. So during this time span, the teacher has given their attention to a maximum of two children, oppose to having interactions with the other children. “Self-care skills are points of observing and recording used to recognize milestones, plot, share progress, and plan curriculum.” (Page 65) The normal progression of self-help skills are dressing, feeding, toileting, and washing. As we already know, not every child is on the same page developmental wise. Some may need extra help, while others are ready to do it
First of all, I was highly interested in the concept and various factors that together make up positive reinforcement. I had a premise that I could do some experimental work on the three children for whom I baby-sit during the week after school. They leave school full of energy and it is my job to get them to complete a series of tasks before the end of the evening. I imagined that some positive reinforcement might get them on their way to handling their responsibilities in a timelier manner. My first step was to come up with a specific instrumental response that would produce reinforcement. This took no time at all because by far the most painfully difficult thing for me to do is get the children to sit down and do their homework. I then spoke specifically to each child and asked them what they would rather choose as an after school activity. They named video games, television, and going to play with other neighborhood children. I had expected these types of answers from the children and made them into the positive reinforcers that would be contingent on the children’s performance of the instrumental response; namely completing their homework. I explained to the children that if they behaved and finished their homework, then directly following they could spend an hour doing an activity of their choice.
Budget is combining your income and expenses to decide how much money you are going to spend on an item. Budget is an important step to determine your financial health and financial stability. It’s an important financial tool because it can help plan for expenses, cut cost were unneeded, save for future goals, plan for emergencies that occur inexpediently, and list what you are spending and saving.
The reward system is a beneficial behavioral modification teaching method, which promotes more positive behaviors in the classroom (Charles & Barr, 2014). Many teachers generally use the reward method of praise within their classrooms for a variety of reasons. The first advantage of using praise within the classroom is because it encourages students do repeat positive behaviors in the classroom. Many children are simply looking for attention and enjoy it, which makes it a great technique to use in the classroom (Charles & Barr, 2014). Another advantage for this reward type is that due to the encouragement, the students are able to perform at a better rate; students excel academically. A final advantage to using praise is that it is easily implemented into the classroom and requires little to no preparation. This makes the reward method a great addition for teachers as well as students because students get instant feedback without
them? Cooking is a very important daily activity. We cook every day, several times a
The first stage, which happens between birth and 18 months, is trust vs. mistrust. During this stage, an infant is confused about the world being a safe place and wonders if his or her needs will be met. As a result, the infant looks to the primary caretaker for consistent care and hope that his or her needs can be met. Erikson explains that those that receive constant care during this stage will develop a sense of trust. The basic virtue in this stage is hope. The second stage of this theory is autonomy vs. shame and doubt, which happens between 18 months and 3 years. During this stage, there is an increase in mobility and independence. Erikson explains that it is critical to allow the child to explore their limits and allow failure. The basic virtue in this stage is will. Initiative vs. Guilt that happens between 3 and 5 years is the stage that follows. During this stage, children take more initiative to engage with peers. Erikson explains that during this stage if children are given the opportunity to take initiative, they will develop a sense of security in their ability to lead. The basic virtue in this stage is purpose. Industry vs. Inferiority, which happens between 5 and 12 years, emphasizes school and friendships. Erikson believes that during this stage, children will seek approval from others by displaying skills that are valued by others. Additionally, he believes that if
In order to do the instruction, the learners must be able to applied the entry skills which is have been stated in Instruction
According to Beard, Carpenter, and Johnson (2011), ”When mobility is impaired, opportunities for learning are limited and social interactions are impaired” (p. 98). Mobility needs have to be met for students with physical disabilities to have a good academic and social experience. Mobility aids are available but all factors must be considered when determining what aid/aids to choose. Data must be collected to ensure that they are meeting the student’s needs in a way that allows them to move as efficiently and independently as possible.