This report summarizes the two different adhesive systems, their components, factors effecting bonding and state of the art of each system.
Resin bonding to dentin techniques :
There are two techniques that have been used for resin bonding to dentin: total etch and self-etch techniques.(1)
Total etch technique :
The total etch system was introduced by Bertolotti and Kanca after elaborating on Fusayama and others research in Japan. This technique requires the use of phosphoric acid as an etchant for both dentin and enamel, and hydrophilic resins afterwards. According to researches, the technique is considered to be safe and has no harmful effect on the pulp as once thought. Furthermore, numerous products depend on the total etch technique are still available in markets such as: OptibondFL and Perma Quick. The technique involves three steps (1-3), starting with using phosphoric acid that provides removal of the smear layer, opening of the dentinal tubules and decalcification of the intertubular and peritubular dentin which results in the loss of the inorganic matter. The second step includes the application of a primer that contains acetone, ethanol and/or water and one or more bifunctional resin monomers to wet the dentin, followed by the application of a bonding agent as the third step.(1)
This system can also be divided into 2 steps and this depends on whether the primer comes separated or combined with the bonding in a single bottle. The simple 2 step version, joins the priming and the bonding step together but with a separated etch and rinse phases. (2)
In order to achieve a favorable dentin bonding, there are several significant factors such as the assurance of resin penetration into the dentin after the loss of inorga...
... middle of paper ...
...f -etch adhesives .(5)
Importance of keeping hydroxyapatite at the interface
After applying self etch adhesives some of dissolved hydroxyl appetite crystals stays as a remnant surrounding and protecting the collagen fibrils. Chemical interaction can be also created between those crystals and the self etches adhesives. (5)
Self-etching enamel
Selective etching of enamel margins with phosphoric acid, basically turning a two-step self-etch into a three-step adhesive, is highly recommended to combine a more favorable etch and rinse treatment on enamel with a mild self-etch approach that appears to provide better long-term perspectives at dentin. (5)
Conclusion :
At last, it is important for the dentist to choose the most appropriate technique based on the case details and taking into consideration the problematic characteristics of dentin due to its variances.
Afshar H, Jafari A, Khami M, et al. Evaluation of Microleakage in Composite-Composite and Amalgam-Composite Interfaces in Tooth with Preventive Resin Restoration. Journal of Dentistry 2012; 9(2):128-34.
the strands to seperate, then cooled to allow the primers in the solution to b...
One can rarely point out very few who have problem free teeth. While some reasons are due to hereditary, that is, genetically transmitted, due to family reasons, other reasons include sucking of the thumb in small age, some unusual accidents, and it might also be due to losing tooth prematurely . Most of the people do not care about our teeth until it reaches some critical situation. It is also very common nowadays to have a teeth that has not developed in a correct position, that is, there is some impropriety in the position of the teeth. When such symptoms are seen, it is very essential and necessary to make a visit to the orthodontist. It is important to give a very high preference on how the correct orthodontist is chosen. This is a very important step to be followed as wrong choices can make things worser than ever. First and foremost thing which would always work is to get the reference from our dentist. One can trust the words of dentist in identifying the best orthodontist suiting our needs. The next best thing would be the valuable suggestions which that are got from the friends and relatives. Definitely, there would be people from the surrounding places who might have undergone treatment for their dental problems. Once the decision is taken and the right person have been chosen as our orthodontist, it is necessary and important to check his membership with AAO, American Association of Orthodontist. The
The biggest shortcoming of these archaic appliances was the fact that they were subject to decay in the wearer’s mouth. Thus, installed false teeth would have to be replaced on a regular basis, resulting in a very costly procedure. However, this problem was rectified in 1774 by Duchateau and Dubois de Chemant with their invention of the first full set of dentures that would not rot. This was due to their porcelain composition – a material that was much more conducive to the everyday wear and tear of one’s teeth. Although an incredible improvement, even the porcelain version had its difficulties. Unable to produce anything less than a full set of teeth (the surrounding porcelain was required to keep each tooth in place), patients who were missing only one or two teeth were out of luck, unless they were willing to have the rest of their teeth removed as well. And yet, in 1808, Giuseppangelo Fonzi developed the first individual appliance – a single porcelain tooth that could be held in place by a pin drilled into the jawbone. Finally, in 1845, Claudius Ash, known as the official “inventor of dentures”, produced the porcelain version that is now used today. His contributions included a suction method of adhesion for a full set of dentures, so that no form of attachment could be seen by an onlooker.
3) Describe the rationale and demonstrate how to chart existing restorations (amalgam, composite, gold, crowns, bridges, other), missing teeth, incipient caries and caries.
After the treatment and procedure is complete, patients leave with healthier, more beautiful teeth, giving them the confidence to ask someone out on a date or the confidence to smile on an important job interview. Dentistry is and has been for centuries, an important aspect of people’s ...
...an be seen that composite teeth form a high stability bond than PMMA teeth. This is due to the filler content allowing for low shrinkage, increased wear resistance and better cross-linkage with the base. In overall consensus the technique of heat-curing is believed to achieve significantly more polymer cross-linkage than that of self-curing the acrylic resin PMMA base - giving us a stronger base to teeth interface. It should be noted however that both techniques can be used for denture fabrication to achieve a desired result and it is up to the dentist and the technician to determine which one they prefer however, composite teeth bonded to a heat-cured PMMA base works best. Though the tooth and base by themselves may be strong, if the interface between them is not strong, this will result in the overall denture produced being weak independent of material selection.
Abnormal wear of tooth surfaces was an orthodontic problem early on, even ancient people wanted straight teeth! To close gaps, it has been construed that catgut did the work now done by today’s orthodontic wire. In 400-500 BC, Hippocrates and Aristotle both ruminated about ways to level teeth and fix many dental conditions. It should be noted that in Medieval times, expert barbers often performed dental “operations”, extractions, and procedures such as blood-letting. In seventeen twenty-eight, French Dentist Pierre Fauchard published a book called “The Surgeon Dentist” about ways to straighten and align teeth. He used a device called a “Bandeau,” a horse-shaped piece of precious metal which helped...
Dental plaque is broadly classified as supragingival or subgingival based on its position on the tooth surface toward the gingival margin. Supragingival plaque is found at or above the gingival margin. Therefore, it can be further differentiated into coronal plaque, whi...
Nowadays the practice of dentistry is becoming more challenging and complex because of the information explosion regarding dental materials and equipment, increasing need for continuous professional development and an increasingly litigious society. Hence there has been a paradigm shift towards evidence-based healthcare .
Our analysis revealed that Affinis® had more dimensional stability in comparison to Panasil® and in the Panasil® impression material, the percentage of dimensional change was significant after 168 h. However, dimensional changes in all of the evaluation times were in the American Dental Association (ADA) standard range. Therefore, these materials had acceptable clinical dimensional stability for approximately 168 h. In the current study, impressions were made from stainless steel dies following the ADA specification for impression materials. This provides a protocol that can be easily replicated by others and it is the same as making a clinical
Cosmetic dentistry is a specialized field that deals with improving the aesthetics of teeth and the human face. The teeth are an important part of human beauty. Even minor damage to the teeth, such as breakage or loss can drastically alter the overall appearance of the face. This is where cosmetic dentistry comes in to restore beauty. Cosmetic dentistry has become a highly specialized branch due to various advancements in surgical procedures and diagnostic techniques. Several new materials have also been discovered. These materials are very close to the natural enamel and bone from which teeth are made and are virtually indistinguishable. Cosmetic dentistry is an option in conditions such as teeth loss, gaps between teeth, cracked or chipped teeth, cavities and dental
The existence of micro-leakage in dental restorations was first identified in scientific research in 19126. In a study done by Harper (1912), air pressure was used to penetrate the surface between an amalgam restoration and cavity preparation7. By applying pressure through a hole in the pulpal floor, Harper could quantify the amount of pressure needed to establish leakage through the emergence of bubbles from the margins of the restoration. Research has come a long way since Harper first recognized micro-leakage. Adaptations of new materials used when placing composite restorations like BondAband, a light-cured glass-ionomer cement has been shown to reduce marginal micro-leakage in posterior restorations8. A decrease in microleakage has also been shown with the use of an ...
Dentistry is much older than most people realize and has an intriguing history. Early signs of dentistry can be traced back all the way to ancient Egypt and the Stone Age. If you loathe going to the dentist, be thankful you did not live in the Stone Age. Before the use of whiskey to dull pain and roughly 8,000 years before Novocain prehistoric patients would undergo painful procedures to repair their tremendously damaged teeth. “Our ancient ancestors were having holes drilled into their teeth with drill bits carved from stone. Scientists found eleven teeth from the skeletons of four females, two males and three individuals of unknown gender in an ancient cemetery in Pakistan that show signs of having undergone the painful procedure (Ring)”. Similar to the cavemen and people of today, ancient Egyptians were not spared from the dirty grasps of bad oral hygiene. Dentistry has come a long way since the times of cavemen and pharos. "Their diet, which was f...
While the economy system is not stable you never know what might happen tomorrow. As a result people are trying to save as much money as possible. In the same time everyone's body needs remain the same. It is necessary to take care of our health, especially of our teeth health. But when the time to act comes many of us have doubts about the real necessity of treating some small dental defects, considering the high prices.