Refugee Blues’ by Auden and ‘The Last Night’

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In both texts, a key concept is implemented: ‘Despair.’ Despair is presented in both poems through the oppression of the Jewish People; in both poems they manage to create a feeling of alienation in conjunction with isolation through manipulating their imagery and tone. ‘Refugee Blues’ is rooted in the 1930′s pre-second world war, when the Jewish communities were being punished for countless mistakes they had not even made. If we break down the title of both texts we can already begin to interpret the different tones, as well as emotions that will be in the pieces. ‘Refugee’ comes from the word refuge, which means safety, safety for the people who have been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster. It is almost ironic how Auden uses this as his title as the Jews were anything but ‘Safe.’ ‘Blues’ is a music genre; typically it offers a slow, calm rhythm yet creates an uplifting vibe. Developed by the African-American communities, originating in the 19th century, around the ‘Deep South’ of the United States. Furthermore, in ‘The Last Night’ is set in France during World War Two, when the Nazis occupied and controlled France. If we begin to break down ‘The Last Night,’ we can immediately pick up yet again that the poem is going to involve death, or the end of someone/something. If we look at the second line of the poem, ‘deportees might write a final message,’ the word ‘final’ already gives us a clue that this may be the deportees final chance to write a message before they die.

In ‘Refugee Blues’ it is hard to interpret exactly who is talking to who, but at the end of every stanza a key phrase is said: ‘My Dear.’ This suggests that there is a man possibly addressing his wife or a love...

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...wards the end as they are being sent away to the concentration camp. Another, meaningful contrast is where we see, “the homely thudding of a Parisian bus. Five white-and-green municipal buses had come in through the main entrance.” Faulks manages to make one of the most devastating events in history, sound like just another day in France, when the locals catch the bus in the morning. The ‘Five white-and-green municipal buses’ are made to sound ordinary, when actually these vehicles would be transporting thousands of Jews to their deaths, and for most of them, it would be their final journey. Faulks also writes ‘now stood trembling in the wired-off corner.’ ‘Trembling,’ is a human action, which is caused by emotional pain or distress, which is also a form of suffering, as well the trembling of the buses also ironically applies to the Jews and how they are feeling.

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