The refractor telescope is a telescope that uses lenses and refraction in order to magnify images.
Light travels in a wave with differing speeds. A medium (or media) is any one type of transparent matter e.g. Air, Glass, Water or a lack of matter (A vacuum) . The optical density of a medium is the amount that it slows light down when light is passing through it .This means light travels at different speeds in different mediums Because of this the light wave will refract (bend) when it passes from one medium to another. Not all of the light rays will undergo reflection while the others will undergo refraction. Refraction is where when light travels from one one medium to another it changes speed and this causes the light waves to bend as seen
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The effect of these refractions is that the image is magnified and if the second eyepiece is convex is inverted.
The equation used to calculate lenses (descartes formula) can be also used to calculate the refractor telescope. The equation is:
1f=1d0+1di
This is equation can be applied to the refractor telescope to find the nature of the image and where the image will form. This is important because it gives us insight into the image and its properties which allows us to better understand the light rays.
A refracting telescope magnifies a distant object by using a large aperture objective lens a large objective lens focal length compared to the eyepiece lens focal length. The following equation is used to calculate the magnification of an image through a telescope:
Magnification(m)=Focal length of objective lens(F)/Focal length of eyepiece lens(f)
This equation gives the relationship between the focal lengths of the two lenses in the refracting telescope. This relationship can be observed below with an example of the two lenses and the difference in focal
& MCMILLAN, S. 2008. Astronomy Today - Sixth Edition, United States of America, Pearson Education, Inc.
Who has not ever, even if just for a brief moment, looked up at a dark but vividly lit starry night sky and wondered how far those seemingly little lights reach, and if that beauty goes on forever, or if it ends at some point. I believe this question has been pondered by mankind since our creation, and early astronomers are proof of this pondering. Telescopes began as a way for these early astronomers to chart the stars and planets and their movements as they searched for more than what just the naked eye could offer them. In the early 17th century, craftsman began making telescopes, though the tools to invent them had been available for centuries before. Early telescope were called spyglasses and needed improvement. Galileo's Optic Tube, also known as the Galilean telescope is an example of the early creation of refracting telescopes. There were a few different makers and models of refractor telescopes but it was soon discovered they could make a better telescope. With the beginning of the 18th century came the reflecting telescope, which is also called a reflector; an optical telescope that uses either a single curved mirror, or a combination of curved mirrors. There are many types reflecting telescopes: there is the Gregorian telescope, the Cassegrain telescope, and the Ritchey–Chrétien telescope. But today, we are going to be talking about one telescope in particular; "the 200 inch Hale Telescope, which for decades stood as the largest telescope on the planet"(1), from 1948 to 1976. The Hale telescope opened up the skies in ways we never imagined.
This reflective essay will demonstrate the concept of reflection. The model of reflection by Driscoll, 2007 has been followed in this essay to reflect the clinical skills that I have studied and practiced in week 7to week 9 of this unit which assisted me to get prepared for the practical experience which I will commence at the end of this semester. I have practiced numerous skills during the practicals class, but this essay will be a focus on taking care of bedsore and wound management.
Binoculars - A tool you look into used to make things look closer than they are so you can see it more clearly.
“Deriving the Parallax Formula” shows that one way of deriving the parallax formula is to set up a right triangle consisting of Earth, the Sun, and one other star as vertices. The side going from Earth to the Sun can be labeled as “a” and the side from the Sun to the other star can be labeled as “d.” The angle between the other star and Earth can be labeled as “p.
The four main components of the eye that are responsible for producing an image are the cornea, lens, ciliary muscles and retina. Incoming light rays first encounter the cornea. The bulging shape of the cornea causes it to refract light similar to a convex lens. Because of the great difference in optical density between the air and the corneal material and because of the shape of the cornea, most of the refraction to incoming light rays takes place here. Light rays then pass through the pupil, and then onto the lens. A small amount of additional refraction takes place here as the light rays are "fine tuned" so that they focus on the retina.
8. Count the number of stomata you see when it is in focus (use a
Because of his discoveries and eighteen years of experience teaching at Padua, Galileo grew more and more famous, and his salary had almost tripled. Galileo caught word one summer afternoon of a mechanism that existed in the Netherlands that could make distant objects appear closer. Intrigued by the idea, he decided to make one of these contraptions of his own. To do this, Galileo used spectacle lenses, which at first only magnified things two to three times their size, but Galileo then improved this to eight or nine times their size
The principle behind the refractive telescopes is the use of two glass lenses (objective lens and eyepiece lens) to gather and bend parallel light rays in a certain way so that the image fits the size of the eye's pupil. Light rays is gather through the opening of the telescope called the aperture and passes through the objective lens and refracts onto a single point called the focal point. From there the light rays continue the same direction until it hits the eyepiece lens which also refract the light back into parallel rays. During the process, the image that enters our eyes is actually reverse of the original image and magnified because the size in which we preceive the image.
Refraction of Light Aim: To find a relationship between the angles of incidence and the angles of refraction by obtaining a set of readings for the angles of incidence and refraction as a light ray passes from air into perspex. Introduction: Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where it's speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray toward the normal to the boundary between the two media. The amount of bending depends on the indices of refraction of the two media and is described quantitatively by Snell's Law. (Refer to diagram below)
Now in order to understand how lights is able to be refracted in different angles, it is important to understand the Snell’s Law which states that, the refractive angle always depend on the refractive index of both media. Now, the refractive index keeps on changing depending on the wavelength of the light passing through. Light, as we know, it is a wave that has different wavelength. Each wavelength represents a different color. Thus, different colors will have different refractive index when passed through the same media. It is important to note that light is normally refracted twice when it travels through a prism, first on its way in, and when it is going back.
The most common vision issues are the refractive errors, more commonly referred to as nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism and presbyopia. Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina. The length of the eyeball (either longer or shorter), changes in the shape of the cornea, or aging of the lens can cause refractive errors. Most people have one or more of these conditions. In these situations of refraction, the cornea and the lens bend (refract) incoming light rays so they focus precisely on the retina at the back of the eye (figure 2). Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through one object to another. Vision occurs when light rays are bent (refracted) as they pass through the cornea and the lens. The light is then focused on the retina, and then the retina converts the light-rays into messages that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain. The brain after that interpret these messages into the images we see.
The reflected part of the beam travels to the fixed mirror M1 through a distance L, is reflected there and hits the beam splitter again after a total path length of 2 L. The same happens to the transmitted part of the beam. However, as the reflecting mirror M2 for this Interferometer arm is not fixed at the same position L but can be moved very precisely back and forth around L by a distance x, the total path length of this beam is accordingly 2 • (L + x). Thus when the two halves of the beam recombine again on the beam splitter they exhibit a path length difference or optical retardation of 2*x , the partial beams are spatially coherent and will interfere when they recombine. The beam leaving the interferometer is passed through the sample compartment and Is finally focused on the detector D. The quantity actually measured by the detector Is thus the Intensity I (x) of the combined IR beams.as a function of the moving mirror displacement x, the so-called
The refracting telescope is one of many different types of telescope. Refracting telescopes work by refracting the light through an initial convex lens, (known as the objective lens), then through another convex lens (known as the eyepiece lens). These two lenses focus the light into the eyepiece so we can see the image clearly.
This telescope is the result of an international collaboration of 17 countries lead by NASA, European Space Agency and Canadian Space Agency. It will help us determine the geometry of the universe and enable us to establish whether the universe will expand forever.