Red Wine and Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease
Does the consumption of red wine lower the risk of heart disease?
The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in France is the lowest among industrial countries, despite the high incidence of several risk factors. In comparison to Americans, the French consume 3.8 times as much butter and 2.8 times as much lard, they have higher cholesterol and blood pressure levels, they smoke on a comparable level to Americans, and they don't exercise quite as often. Despite these appalling health statistics, the French have a 2.5 fold less risk of dying as a result of heart disease. What can begin to explain this? This phenomenon, known as the "French Paradox," was believed to be due to a vegetable and fruit rich Mediterranean diet. However, through various studies, researchers worldwide have come to agree that the French tradition of consuming red wine is at the root of explaining why the French enjoy a reduced risk of heart disease.
· So, does the consumption of red wine really reduce the risk of heart disease? There has been a consistent body of epidemiologic data that has alluded to the reduced incidence of mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease (CHD) among those who consume alcohol in moderation in comparison with those who abstain. This protection has been attributed to the ethanol present in those beverages classified as "alcoholic." But gaining further momentum is the evidence that polyphenols also display additional benefits, which at least in vitro and in cell culture experiments act as potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation and biological oxidation reactions associated with the generation of freed radicals. Polyphenols belong to the family ...
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O'Brien, David M. "The Rehnquist Court and Federal Preemption: In Search of a Theory" Publius: Journal of Federalism 23 (Fall 1993) 15-31
Pittenger, John C. "Garcia and the Political Safeguards of Federalism: Is There a Better Solution to the Conundrum of the Tenth Amendment?" Publius: Journal of Federalism 22 (Winter 1992) 1-19
Recent Cases: Constitutional Law-Tenth Amendment-Fourth Circuit holds that Driver's Privacy Protection Act violates Tenth Amendment-Condon v. Reno, 155 F.3d 453 (4th Cir. 1998) Harvard Law Review 122 1999
Internet References
NCSL Policies, 1998-1999: Law and Justice
Federalism 1998
· http://www.ncsl.org/statefed/policies/98-99/lawandj.htm
Statistical Data
National Income and Products Accounts: GDP Data
· http://www.lib.virginia.edu/socsci/nipa/nipa.html
Statistics/Data Analysis: Federalism Court Decisions
Within the pages of One United People: The Federalist Papers and the National Idea, author Ed Millican dissects not only The Federalist piece by piece, but scrutinizes numerous works of other authors in regards to the papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. As a result, a strong conclusion asserts that the motives of The Federalist was to create a sturdy nation-state but above all, that American polity is far more complex than pluralism and a free-market economy.
Publius. "The Federalist No. 10." The Constitutional Society. October 21, 2013. Accessed February 24, 2014. http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa10.html.
Federalist no. 78 is persistent in its sort of justifications of the Constitutions vagueness. The letter claims that the judiciary branch is of the least danger of t...
" Schenck v. United States. Chicago-kent College of law , n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014.
While the government of the United States owes its existence to the contents and careful thought behind the Constitution, some attention must be given to the contributions of a series of essays called the Federalist Papers towards this same institution. Espousing the virtues of equal representation, these documents also promote the ideals of competent representation for the populace and were instrumental in addressing opposition to the ratification of the Constitution during the fledgling years of the United States. With further reflection, the Federalists, as these essays are called, may in turn owe their existence, in terms of their intellectual underpinnings, to the writings of the philosopher and teacher, Aristotle.
3. Beard, Charles A. "An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States". American Politics. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, MA. 1999. (Pages 27 -- 33).
When discussing the new science of politics laid out in the Federalist papers, it is imperative to understand that proponents of the Constitution had various reasons for writing these papers, not the least of which was convincing critics that a strong central government that would not oppress but actually protect individual freedoms as well as encouraging the state of New York to agree to ratify the Constitution.
Rehnquist, William H., Brennan, William J. "A Casebook on the Law and Society: What Rights
Following the failure of the Articles of Confederation, a debate arose discussing how a centralized government ought to be organized. The prevailing opinion ultimately belonged to the Federalists, whose philosophy was famously outlined in The Federalist Papers. Recognizing that in a free nation, man would naturally divide himself into factions, they chose not to remedy this problem by stopping it at its source; instead, they would limit its effects by placing strict structural safeguards within the government's framework. The Federalists defined a facti...
The evolution of power gained by the Federal government can be seen in the McCuloch versus Maryland (1819) case. This case des...
A V Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (10th ed 1964) 40.
One source of great mortality and morbidity in Europe and North America is the cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis. It is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the intermediate and large arteries characterized by the thickening of the arterial wall and is the primary cause of coronary and cerebrovascular heart disease (Wilson, 2005). It accounts for 4.35 million deaths in Europe and 35% death in the UK each year. Mortality rate are generally higher in men than pre-menopausal woman. Past the menopause, a woman’s risk is similar to a man’s (George and Johnston, 2010). Clinical trials have confirmed that lipid accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, inflammation matrix alteration and foam cell formation are characteristic features of the earliest pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease, and that therapies targeted towards the treatment of those conditions are beneficial (Varghese et al 2005). This essay will summarise the development and factors predispose to atherogenesis, and discuss how the comprehension of cell and molecular based mechanism has led to novel therapies for atherosclerosis.
...al conditions of cardiovascular disease that have been linked to obesity, including strokes, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and arrhythmias. All of these conditions can be improved or prevented by the individual losing ten percent of their body weight. Physical activity also plays a crucial role in cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that the greater the amount of physical activity, the less the chance for developing cardiovascular disease, even when other factors, such as Framingham’s scale, are accounted for. Regarding future research, a study further researching genetic and environmental links to cardiovascular disease would provide helpful information. Also, research studying the effects of physical activity after the onset of cardiovascular disease could be beneficial to determine if physical activity can improve patients’ conditions.
Hall, Kermit L, eds. The Oxford guide to United States Supreme Court decisions New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.