Many Southerners were opposed to reconstruction because it would allow for African Americans to finally have rights. Reconstruction was supposed to be an effort to bring peace back to the North and South and to reunite our nation back together, but that would not happen if African Americans were allowed to vote. If African Americans had the right to vote the North would have political control over southern states leaving Republican control over the national government. Many white southerners did not believe the African Americans should vote because they were not equally equivalent to the white male. They believe that the right to vote was not in an African Americans nature and it should never be. In Document 1 we learn of a Virginian man stating ‘’ Southern people won’t stand if the North put the Negro and White man as equals.” Reconstruction would also impact the economy of the South very strongly. In Document 2 we …show more content…
In this essay, the author
- Explains that many southerners were opposed to reconstruction because it would allow for african americans to finally have rights. reconstruction was supposed to be an effort to bring peace back to the north and south and to reunite our nation back together.
- Explains that many white southerners did not believe the african americans should vote because they were not equal to the white male. they believe that the right to vote was not in an african american nature and it should never be.
- Analyzes how reconstruction would impact the south's economy. edwin h. mccaleb felt that if slavery was abolished gradually, there would be a famine among the people.
- Explains that many southerners believed that if freed african american slaves were released they would pose a threat. w. gilmore simms suggested that southerners seek places of rendezvous and to have good weapons.
- Explains that when african americans began to gain rights southern states would discriminate against them by not allowing them to purchase or lease any land or property.
- Explains that propaganda was used to influence african americans not to vote. if they saw the illustrations, they would be influenced to not vote because they fear that they could be severely injured or lose their lives.
- Explains that during reconstruction churches and school buildings would be burnt down in louisiana to try and stop african americans from getting any schooling.
- Explains that african americans were supposed to be treated as equals during reconstruction but were not. the klu klux klan made of soldiers of the late rebel armies terrorized them overthrowing all of their rights.
- Opines that even though reconstruction was opposed by many southern states because it gave african americans rights, peace was needed between the north and the south.
In Document three we learn that W. Gilmore Simms believed that freed slaves would be wondering jobless thieves that would commit arson and murder. W. Gilmore Simms suggested Southerners seek places of rendezvous and to have good weapons to defend themselves with once African Americans were freed. When African Americans began to gain rights Southern States would discriminate against them by not allowing them to purchase or lease any land or property. Document 4 also tells us that for African Americans to work they were required to obtain a license to do work or get a job. State legislation would do nothing to help the African Americans in Mississippi allowing this to happen. In document 5 we learn that propaganda was used to influence African Americans not to vote. If African Americans saw the illustrations they would be influenced to not vote, because they would fear that they could be severely injured, or they may lose their
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- The Civil Rightsanalytical essaySantoro, Wayne A. "The Civil Rights Movement and the Right to Vote: Black Protest, Segregationist Violence and the Audience." Social Forces 86.4 (2008): 1391-1414. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the civil rights movement in america was and is to this day a historical landmark.
- Analyzes how the civil rights movement in america took on the many racial injustices faced by black people. the supreme court case of plessy v. ferguson reinforced the idea of "equal but separate."
- Explains that whites relied heavily on terror tactics and fear to uphold the idea of white supremacy. the jim crow system forced blacks to live in a separate and inferior society.
- Analyzes how segregationist violence played a major factor in the push towards civil rights from blacks. emmett till was lynched for whistling at white woman.
- Explains how rosa parks, a black seamstress, boarded the montgomery city bus to go home from work. she was arrested and convicted for violating segregation laws.
- Explains that blacks confronted jim crow practices in large numbers, demonstrating firmly that any group of people will confront the source of their oppression.
- Analyzes how the laws that stood for democracy and stability for america during this period were taken in question by the masses who opposed segregation. malcolm x insists that democracy is hypocrisy.
- Analyzes how kristopher burrell presents the idea that black intellectuals have never thought in a singular fashion. they haven't confined themselves to only two ways of seeing the world.
- Explains that each leader had their own ideological view on how to come about racial equality and resolve the race issue.
- Explains that king had a major role to play in the civil rights movement. his charismatic personality, powerful oratory skills, and eloquence helped to voice his opinions and ideals.
- Analyzes how king wrote a letter in response to concerns from fellow clergymen who critiqued his plans as "unwise and untimely." king stood for an impossible ideal to grasp, to drive out hate with love, and to administer peace in times of war.
- Analyzes how malcolm x's approach was radical and unsavory to whites. his ideology pertained to black nationalism and revolved around separatism.
- Analyzes how the two leaders commanded respect and reverence, solely by their rhetoric and striking eloquence. their methods varied but all sought the inevitable outcome, culminating in president johnson signing the civil rights act of 1964.
- Opines that america is still not as equal as many would want it to be. the cultural reality is that separation between blacks and whites has re-surged with a vengeance.
- Opines that if the civil rights movement succeeded, why today's disparity?
- Cites king, martin luther, jr.'s acceptance speech.
- Analyzes morris, aldon d.'s "retrospective on the civil rights movement: political and intellectual landmarks." social forces 86.4 (2008): 1391-1414.
1421 wordsRead More - The Black Vote: African Americans as an Interest Groupanalytical essayBarker, Lucius J., Mack H. Jones, Katherine Tate. African Americans and the American Political System 4th ed. Simon & Schuster: United States of America. c1999.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that the american black community is an interest group of sorts because of its perceived common interest and lack of organization.
- Explains that the republican party supported blacks, whereas the democrat party was the party of the south and the southern, white plantation owner.
- Explains how roosevelt's new deal helped blacks get involved politically and put pressure on the government. the naacp and the national urban league were the two oldest nation organizations for racial advancement
- Argues that blacks have returned to choosing between the lesser of two evils because of jesse jackson's two presidential bids in 1984 and 1988.
- Analyzes how the african-american community has become divided within itself, with a growing number of blacks that do not identify with race as being affected by policy.
- Opines that african-americans must come together and use their vote as a bargaining tool.
- Cites barker, lucius j., mack h. jones, katherine tate, and berry, jeffery m. the interest group society.
- Describes tate, katherine, walters, ronald w., and nancy j. weiss.
3450 wordsRead More - Analysis of Tompkins' The Cotton Mill Commercial Featuresanalytical essayAfter the Civil War there were more opportunities for African American’s in the Northern portion of the United States. However, by the end of the 1800’s their freedoms and rights were increasing becoming limited in Southern segment of the United States, where the majority of African American’s resided. The government in the South was controlled by rich, white and xenophobic male landowners who sought to prevent those who differed from themselves from obtaining any privileges or influence within their community.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how tompkins' book cotton mill, commercial features is a paradigm of the racist and constricted mindset that has been prevalent throughout our countries history.
- Explains that after the civil war there were more opportunities for african-americans in the northern portion of the united states, but by the end of 1800's, their freedoms and rights were increasing in southern segment. the south was controlled by rich, white and xenophobic male landowners
- Explains that african-americans struggled to gain equality, while native-americans were slaughtered, forced to abscond their territory and to conform to the reigning ethnicity of that time. immigrants living within the united states were also facing an excessive amount of adversity.
- Analyzes thompkin's cotton mill, commercial feature, which discusses how a cotton mill in the south should operate, what type of people should work there, how they should live and what benefits the company is required to provide.
- Explains that the publication mentions african american men and women, white men, women and children, but does not discuss immigrants or native americans. their absence reflects the writer's views and prejudices.
- Analyzes how tompkins believes that the institution of slavery inhibited the development of the south.
- Analyzes tomkins' statement regarding the role of religion and education in the work force, which illustrates his belief that people are hardworking and good, but only applies to the white portion of the population.
- Concludes that the document illustrates the racist views prevalent within this time and demonstrates the south's unenthusiastic views on laws that would serve to protect the working class.
779 wordsRead More - Summary On The South By Gordon S. Barkeranalytical essayThe author of this article, Gordon S. Barker, primarily focused on the southern perspective of the so-called threat of abolitionism. The author goes fully in depth into why the South was inherently displeased with the actions of the North, and vice versa, and how it was inevitable that this nation faced a civil war. He employed the usage of individual articles from popular newspapers at the time to truly reveal how southern whites had felt in their concern for northern values being imposed on the South. The article began with a highly detailed description of the day Slave Commissioner Edward Loring made his decision on Burns’ case, to fully showcase how it was a pivotal event in American History. Throughout the rest of the article, he explores the contradicting legislation from North and South, and individual’s ideologies and how they compared to other popular ideologies of the time.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the missouri compromise and the kansas-nebraska act impacted the south's decision to secede. the georgia platform stated that slavery could only be preserved by a faithful execution of the fugitive slave law
- Analyzes how the case of anthony burns and his master charles suttle in boston in 1854 wreaked havoc on any lingering feelings of solidarity between the north and south.
- Analyzes how the concept of slavery as a positive good was first introduced in the 1830s, around the time of nat turner’s successful slave revolt which killed roughly 60 whites.
- Analyzes how gordon s. barker focuses on the southern perspective of the so-called threat of abolitionism. the secessionist movement was rooted in white southerners' desperation to maintain their economically archaic societal norms.
- Argues that the fugitive slave law was unconstitutional in the case of joshua glover's escape to canada.
1393 wordsRead More - Wilson's Executive Order for Reelectionexplanatory essayDifferent political leaders use different strategies to win the Black votes. For instance, candidates vying for elective positions usually use implicit strategic te...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the integration of the military after the second world war in the united states was the first vital victory that americans had towards marching civil rights.
- Opines that wars, protest, and harry truman desegregated america's military.
- Explains that the right to vote is important in the us, but it was not granted to the blacks until after the 1965 voting rights act.
- Explains that 80% of the 4,400,000 military personnel who were involved in the second world war died during the war.
816 wordsRead More - African American History in A Red Recordanalytical essayIda B. Wells-Barnett is an investigative journalist who wrote in honesty and bluntness about the tragedies and continued struggles of the Negro man. She was still very much involved with the issue even after being granted freedom and the right to vote. Statistics have shown that death and disparity continued to befall the Negro people in the South where the white man was “educated so long in that school of practice” (Pg. 677 Par. 2). Yet in all the countless murders of Negroes by the white man only three had been convicted. The white man of the South, although opposed to the freedom of Negroes would eventually have to face the fact of the changing times. However, they took every opportunity and excuse to justify their continued horrors. There were three main excuses that the white man of the South came up w...
In this essay, the author
- Opines that slavery is one of america's biggest regrets. the story captures the grueling events african americans were put through and the unfairness of the times.
- Explains that ida b. wells-barnett was an investigative journalist who wrote in honesty and bluntness about the tragedies and continued struggles of the negro man.
- Explains wells-barnett's observation that only negroes were killed during the rioting, and that all the white men escaped unharmed.
- Explains the second excuse that the white man of the south used related to the negros now entitled right to vote.
- Analyzes how the south's third excuse was that the negro man needed to be murdered due to their assault on white women.
- Analyzes how wells-barnett's red record evokes hope and victory for the negro people.
794 wordsRead More - The Unknown Soldiers: Experiences Of The Unknown Soldiersexplanatory essayThe country’s attitudes towards African Americans leading up to and during the war were the same as they had been for years. The white man dominated and controlled the African American population in America. “For example, figures for 1911 and 1912 indicate that the South spent an average of $10.32 in educating each white child, but only $2.89 for each black child.” (Barbeau 3). This was one of the ways the white man kept control because if most of the newly young “free” African Americans were illiterate, they would not be allowed to vote, voice their opinion, run
In this essay, the author
- Summarizes the experiences of the african american troops that were drafted into and volunteered for the united states army during world war 1.
- Explains that the country's attitudes towards african americans led up to and during the war were the same as they had been for years.
- Explains that pre-world war 1 a nationwide surge of violence against the black community, lynching numbers were through the roof. there was zero tolerance policy for blacks acting out in any way.
- Explains that drafting african americans into world war 1 caused debates among the whites and the blacks.
- Explains that african american troops were treated differently from the average white troop. the average black was 19 percent more likely to become sick than his white counterpart.
- Explains that when the united states got news of african american troops coming to assist them in battle, they didn't care about the color of their skin. general john j. pershing, commander of the american expeditionary force, promised four combat regiments to the french army.
- Opines that when black soldiers returned to the home front after the war had ended, not much had changed involving violence towards blacks and the white man ultimately ruling the south.
- Explains that the summer of 1919 was called the red summer because of the quantity of blood spilled in race riots throughout the country.
- Explains that the 369th infantry regiment was in continuous combat longer than any other american unit. they put america on the offensive side when fighting with germany.
1212 wordsRead More - Dbq Reconstruction Actexplanatory essayMany of the southerners then went toward his plan since they thought it could help them get more resources, and invented the black codes. Because the South happily took advantage of his arrangement, many Radicals of the Congress found it very devastating and planned on making their own Reconstruction Act. There were many Moderates as well, and they were the ones who controlled the party. They thought that Johnson was right when it came to the choice of whether they would include the Negros’ opinions on what the laws would be, yet they agreed that with the Radicals that African Americans should have the right to put a little bit of insight on the constitution and government. This determined that it should be upon the Congress to see if the Reconstruction Act was rational, not President Johnson. So first in 1866, the Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which guaranteed the rights of former slaves. Johnson then vetoed the act since he opposed the federal protection of the former slaves. The congress then repassed the act, making it the first major law that has been approved over the President’s
In this essay, the author
- Explains that lincoln's plan for reconstruction called for freedom from punishment for every southerner under one condition. lyndon b. johnson made the johnson plan after lincoln passed away.
- Explains how the reconstruction act was ratified by the congress in 1866, which guaranteed the rights of former slaves. johnson vetoed the civil rights act and the 14th amendment.
- Explains that the civil war was a long battle for everyone in the united states, with debates erupting about slavery, taxes, and many more actions that had gone out of control.
691 wordsRead More - Ap Us History Dbq Research Paperanalytical essayFollowing the closure of the Civil War, America and primarily the former Confederacy were tasked with the problem of how they were going to efficiently bring back thousands of former slaves back into the union and convert them into full-pledged American citizens. Adding on to the problems faced during presidential and radical reconstruction from 1865 to 1877, many people including President Johnson feared the rise of the blacks in politics. Due to the new rise in population, southern senators believed that blacks were not equipped for political equality and that suffrage would be destructive to the government by upsetting the balance of power between the republicans and democrats. Such notion that the blacks were inferior and should be treated
In this essay, the author
- Explains the problems faced by the former confederacy after the civil war and states how the 13th amendment banning slavery, the 14th and 15th amendments, defining citizenship and the right to vote, continued the failures of reconstruction.
- Analyzes how the former rebels formed riots and mass violence due to unrest from the amendments. while political sanctity promised to american citizens was not being fulfilled, social and communal injustices showed that the reconstruction was failing to successfully integrate african-americans back into society.
549 wordsRead More - Blame For Reconstructionanalytical essayMany people believed that “the blacks, as a people, are unfitted for the proper exercise of political duties…blacks needed a period of probation and instruction” (Richardson 517). Also, a Northern artist stated in art that Black politicians in the South were savage (Richardson 517). Many Northerns believed that African Americans need to learn honor and know how to do things. They also believed that African Americans were bellicose, unsuitable, and not smart enough to be taking on such an honorable job in political duties. This evidence shows that racism still existed and was prodigious in the North. This could have caused the end of Reconstruction because it could have shifted their point of view from helping the African Americans to preventing the African Americans to be
In this essay, the author
- Opines that lincoln's assassination was a dreadful day in american history and that the north is at fault for the end of reconstruction because of grant’s focus on the government, racism, and distractions
- Describes how 1876 was an exciting year for millions of black americans living in the south. the 1877 compromise gave hayes the presidency in return for removing the last federal soldiers.
- Analyzes how president grant's focus was primarily on the governmenal problems. he wanted to "fix his own houses problems" before he could fix the country’s troubles.
- Explains that racism was an immense problem everywhere in the north. many northerns believed that african americans needed to learn honor and know how to do things.
- Analyzes how northern voters shifted their attention to national concerns like the panic of 1873. grant's attention was focused on the government instead of reconstruction.
- Opines that the north was more at fault for the ku-klux-klan's brutality, which may have caused the tide to shift away from reconstruction.
- Argues that the north is at fault for ending reconstruction because of racism, grant’s focus on the government, and the distractions for the northerners.
997 wordsRead More - African Americans And Reconstructionexplanatory essayUnfortunately, African American’s hard won equality soon began to deteriorate once more into new socially acceptable forms of segregation. Jim Crow laws now determined one’s rights instead of the Constitution, social barriers in the North too began to rise. For all, it was a time of insecurity and displaced blame, the brunt of which the African Americans took immeasurably. But in the midst of that time of social and political upheaval and unrest, there arose our amendments which to this day give people of all race in the United States the equal opportunity to pursue a better life for
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the majority of african americans during our nation's tenuous period of reconstruction suffered displacement, instability, and discrimination.
- Explains that president johnson's primary goal after the war was to insure unity among the states and that another war didn't immediately ensue.
- Explains that african americans' hard-earned equality soon deteriorated into new socially acceptable forms of segregation. jim crow laws now determined one’s rights instead of the constitution.
465 wordsRead More - What Are The 13 Amendments To African American Rightsexplanatory essayAfrican American were limited socially from 1865 to 1900. Southern state pass laws that increase racial discrimination after the armaments has been pass. Like in Plessy v. Ferguson, the court felt that segregation is lawful. As long that white and blacks were given equal quality that it was legal to separate people by their race. But we all know that the treatment and services given to African American were not the same given to the whites. For example African American rarely got jobs they could not even get a high class job like white folks did. African American were not able to get marry to white or even have the same treatment in school. The white student had
In this essay, the author
- Explains that after the civil war the african american seem that their tragic life has ended. an amendments has passed for the formerly enslaved people.
- Explains that african american were limited socially from 1865 to 1900. southern states pass laws that increase racial discrimination after the armaments has been passed.
- Explains that african american were limited politically from 1865 to 1900. poll taxes were made to keep african americans from voting and they made literacy tests.
- Explains that african american were limited economically from 1865 to 1900. after the civil war they were freed but lost puppy they did not know where to go.
471 wordsRead More - Essay About Reconstructionanalytical essayReconstruction efforts were paralyzed by the Republicans after the death of Lincoln. The Republicans were many capitalists originating the North. Their actions were principally geared towards overthrowing the black leadership in South and retain the white sovereignty that existed before. The Southern whites did not defend the blacks instead backed the northern capitalists in the mission of transforming black government in South to White state (Foner Par
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the social history regarding reconstruction has been of great controversy for the last two decades in america. fundamental shortcomings were based on racism, politics, capitalism and social relations.
- Explains that racial discrimination in america emerged as one the primary causes of the civil war. the south formed the freedmen's bureau which voiced on the rights and freedom of black people.
- Explains that the federal government protected black people by amending the rights bill and freedmen's bureau bill to abolish slavery and prevent disruptions by the northern capitalists. the southern states fought relentlessly against republican philosophies.
- Explains that lincoln echoed the issue of unity after becoming the leader of the southern states. his leadership strategies were aimed at bringing all southern states as one nation without oppressing blacks and upbringing the black supremacy.
- Analyzes how the whites formed a big rift between them and the blacks after the death of lincoln and lee's surrender from freedman’s bureau.
- Explains that reconstruction efforts were paralyzed by the republicans after the death of lincoln. the northern capitalists negotiated with the whites of the south to override the blacks from the southern leadership.
542 wordsRead More - The Detroit Civil Rights Movementexplanatory essayOn March 15, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act. However, many southern states made it impossible for African Americans to vote. Non-violence was still all too often met with violence. By 1968, Dr. King, the apostle of non-violence, would be assassinated, unleashing a new call for “Black Power” across the
In this essay, the author
- Describes how the double v campaign was driven to promote the fight for democracy abroad and within the united states for african americans during world war ii.
- Explains how mass media broadcasted the injustice felt by african-americans to the world, promoting the struggle. the wdia gave the black community a sense of pride, involvement, and belonging.
- Describes how the civil rights movement began with rosa parks refusing to give up her seat on a city bus in montgomery, alabama.
- Explains that the movement hadn't made an impact on the black community in the north. martin luther king jr., malcolm x, and grace lee boggs joined together to march for racial equality.
- Describes how the civil rights movement reached its climax on march 7th 1965, when a peaceful march for voting rights from salma to montgomery turned into what would become known as bloody sunday.
- Explains that the civil rights movement was the largest social movement of the 20th century in the united states.
1543 wordsRead More - Southern Pro-Slavery Rhetoricanalytical essayIn studying the Southern defense of slavery, it appears that southerners were defending a way of life. Many believed that the institution of slavery was the lesser of two evils in terms of providing benefits for workers, others believed that it was at the very foundation of a free society to own slaves and still others saw it merely as an expedient means to an economic end. Although one may acknowledge that the South had understandable political, social and religious reasons for supporting the institution of slavery, the fundamental moral obligation to treat all humans as equals supercedes them all.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that southern pro-slavery rhetoric began in the 1700's by religious leaders and philosophers in north america and europe who condemned slavery.
- Explains that southerners became organized in their support of slavery in what became known as the proslavery movement.
- Explains that southern philosophers were, in some measure, great theorists. their ability to defend the institution of slavery as a good for society can be considered through three justifications: socio-political, economic/socio-economic, and religious.
- Opines that the socio-political arena was their strongest area of contention. the slave trade was an integral part of the economies of many nations and the slaves were the labor by which many empires attained greatness.
- Explains that the enlightenment that revolutionized thought in europe was strongly opposed in the american south. the political culture demanded strong authority and a social hierarchy.
- Analyzes how much of the american north differed from this view of social hierarchy. the north, though holding to some principles espoused by the south, saw slavery as a direct contradiction
- Explains that the southerners did not limit their defense to philosophical arguments. they also pointed out the laws of the united states protected the institution of slavery.
- Explains that no person held to service or labour in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall be discharged from such service or labour.
- Explains that similar state laws, as well as the introduction of other federal laws and compromises, further supported these constitutional articles. the missouri compromise, the gag rule, and the kansas-nebraska act all allowed and affirmed the south’s slaveholding system.
- Argues that southerners attacked northerners on grounds of hypocrisy. they argued that slavery or personal servitude guaranteed freedom and liberty that the north enjoyed.
- Analyzes how the south's arguments regarding the positive aspects of slavery shifted some of the burden of defense upon the north.
- Explains that many southerners argued that the economic stability of the nation was dependent upon slavery. the belief of many americans was that emancipation of slaves would catapult the united states headlong into economic distress.
- Explains that slavery was a way for the minority white population to control the majority black population.
- Explains that the southerners took support from the proslavery positions of the presbyterian, baptist, methodist, and unitarian clergies. the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries featured many debates among church leaders on the question of slavery.
- Explains that southern clergy called upon abrahamic tradition to provide support for slavery. they argued that slavery was never condemned in the bible, that jesus and his disciples never espoused abolition principles, and that the master-slave relationship was morally superior.
- Analyzes how the southern clergy supported the institution of slavery, but the majority didn't support it as practiced in the united states. many clergy called for gradual emancipation of slaves to prevent government falling into black hands.
- Opines that southerners supported the position of the clergy to some extent, but did not want to abandon their system suddenly and without an adequate replacement. they were concerned that free labor promoted infidelity, secularism, liberal theology, perversities,
- Analyzes how southerners were defending a way of life by supporting the institution of slavery. the fundamental moral obligation to treat all humans as equals.
1613 wordsRead More