Reconciliation In Canada

Nearly three decades have passed since the eleven-week armed stand-off between the Mohawk Warrior Society, Sûreté de Québec, and Canadian Armed Forces, commonly known among Settlers as the Oka Crisis. While the relative success of the conflict on the behalf of the Kanien’kehá:ka people is still widely debated today, it is undeniable that it fundamentally changed Indigenous-State relations in Canada. One concrete measure that stemmed out of the stand-off was the creation of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal peoples (RCAP) a year later in 1991. The largest and most expensive commission in Canadian history, RCAP was tasked with contextualizing the history of the Indigenous-State relationship and producing recommendations for its improvement.

Despite the overwhelming use in political rhetoric, it is difficult to establish the Government of Canada’s precise definition of reconciliation. It is equally unclear as to what reconciliation entails substantively— as either a process or an outcome —in reconceiving the colonial relationship between Indigenous peoples, Settlers, and the Canadian government. For my Reconciliation Essay, I intend to problematize the very term of reconciliation as used in Canadian politics by drawing primarily on its use in the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s 2008 Residential Schools Apology. I will argue that the concept reconciliation as exercised in the political discourse of federal government is neither a meaningful gesture, nor consistent with Indigenous conceptions of same term. In fact, reconciliation as presented by the Government of Canada serves only as a tool to recolonize Indigenous peoples, in that its connotations leave the colonial relationship largely

Her speech, delivered during a ceremony from which Prime Minister Jean Chrétien was notably absent, was titled “Statement of Reconciliation”. It was formally declared that this statement was the Canadian state’s response to the final report of RCAP. While it did acknowledge the commission’s position that colonial policy had been fundamentally misguided in its treatment of Indigenous peoples since pre-Confederation, the statement did not respond directly to the recommendations made by RCAP since as the dismantling of the Department of Indian Affairs or the establishment of an independent Aboriginal Parliament in Canada. Many Indigenous Canadians believed that Stewart’s statement lacked sincerity, especially since her speech deliberately omitted the word ‘apology’ as to avoid the potential legal implications of assuming this kind of responsibility for the abuses of students of Residential Schools. Others believed that the statement should have come from the Prime Minister