Recognizing Traumatic Brain Injury in Prisons

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Introduction
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as brain damage resulting from open of closed head trauma where the former refers to a penetrating injury often from gun shots while the latter refers to trauma arising from an injury caused by a blunt object. Some of the general causes of TBI include motor vehicle crashes, blasts such as those experienced by military personnel, concussions suffered during sports and recreational activities and falls. Once a person suffers a TBI, they usually undergo personality changes where one is seen to be aggressive or irritable and these changes are revealed through explosive outbursts, which happen on minimal provocation or without warning. These incidences are seen to increase as on ages where one becomes a danger to those around them. When a person that has suffered from TBI gets incarcerated, the cognitive and behavioral tendencies related to TBI make it difficult for them to adjust to prison life. For this reason, rehabilitation efforts get complicated especially since TBI lead to habits such as drug dependency and psychiatric problems make it difficult for a prisoner to adjust to prison life and life after their conviction (Ferguson et al 11). A large number of prisoners serving their sentences are doing so while suffering from TBI and this complicates the rehabilitation efforts and their ability to function properly when they get back to society.
The Problem
There are approximately two million people living in jails and prisons in America, 25-87% of these are reported as having suffered a TBI or head injury. Further broken-down, women imprisoned for violent crimes have a higher chance of having suffered a TBI or another kind of physical abuse prior to their crime. Also, wom...

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...bility in Prison”. Department of Corrections. January 2013. Web. 18 March 2013
Langlois, Jean, Wesley Rutland-Brown, Marlena Wald. The Epidemiology and Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Brief Overview. Journal of Head Trauma and Rehabilitation. (2006). Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 375–378.
“Traumatic Brain Injury in Prisons and Jails: An Unrecognized Problem”. CDC. n.d. Web. 18 March 2013
Ross, Michael. (2013). Health and Health Promotion in Prisons. London: Routledge Publishers: 2008. Print.
Schofield, Peter, Tony Butler, Stephanie Hollis, Nadine Smith, Stephen Lee, Wendy Kelso. (2006).Traumatic brain injury among Australian prisoners: Rates, recurrence and sequelae. Journal of Brain Injury. 20(5): 499–506.

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