In this essay I will endeavour to provide reasons for the phenomenal growth of the informal economy. Firstly, I will provide a brief definition of informal and formal economies. I will also discuss the inequalities and instability of the formal economy environment. Focusing on the manoeuvres which manufacturers and individuals use within the informal economy to alleviate these stresses. I will also put forward a concept of
‘Interactive Distribution’ which combines the best of what informal and formal economies have to offer the economic environment. Creating a powerful system of a informal distribution of goods and services. Thus, it is my opinion that these inequalities within the formal economy, compared to the attractive informal alternatives available to individuals and corporations ensure the growth of the informal market.
Finally, I will give an overview of New Zealand’s history, politics and economy from which I will submit possible New Zealand reasons for the growth of informal economies. Alternative income, created from the informal system such as the fleamarkets around New Zealand. Also I will discuss the cultural significance informal (traditional) economies have for the Maori people of Aotearoa.
An informal economy co-exist, within the formal or capitalist economy.
Working entirely or partially outside the framework of production and distribution of goods and services within our economy. The formal sector is our capitalistic principles that regulates our market. Capitalism’s main function in my opinion is to continually replicate itself establishing its set of structures and regulation, to the benefit of few.
The inequalities that exist within our global economy concerning labour and wages have seen the rise in unemployment and an increasing gap between rich and poor. The lack of economic opportunities have also plagued our formal economy placing pressure on individuals and manufacturers to seek new forms of production and distribution.
As Moser (1978) stated
The ‘accelerated growth’ model ... aimed to increase overal national growth through policy of accelerated industrialisation ... industrial expansion would result in increased wage sector employment on the basis that there was inevitably a positive relationship between the growth of output, employment and labour productivity, while the ‘filter down’ effect would lead ultimate...
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...isations are growing and will continue to grow in our free market environment. Informal ventures are too attractive to be ignored by corporations and entrepreneurial individuals.
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The economics of Haiti has deceased in the last 4 years after the devastating earthquake that struck it 4 years ago. The Haiti economy has become very poor and one of the poorest country in the south, Central America and Caribbean region making it ranked 24 out of 29 countries in this area and its overall score is below average. Haiti’s economic freedom is 48.1 making it economy the 151st freest country while in the last several years Declines in the management of government spending, freedom from corruption, and labor freedom make its overall score 2.6 points lower than last year. Recovering from the disastrous earthquake in 2010 with the support of the U.S. recovering efforts “Haiti’s post-earthquake reconstruction efforts continue, assisted by substantial aid from the international community. Governing institutions remain weak and inefficient, and overall progress has not been substantial. The parliament has not renewed the mandate of the Interim Haiti Recovery Commission, which had been tasked with overseeing reconstruction efforts but was unpopular.”( .heritage.org). The open market of Haiti trade weighted to be 2.1 this is because the lack of tariffs hamper the trade freedom of Haiti. Foreign investors are given national treatment but the investment is small and the financial sector is remained underdeveloped and does not provide any adequate support.
The Mount Rushmore National Memorial is one of the most outstanding phenomena of American History. It is typically American: a massive sculptural project corresponding to the other manifestations of bigness in twentieth-century style. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum believed that art in America was not thoroughly American. It was not sufficiently large or meaningful enough to represent or typify the dreams, ambitions, and accomplishments of this yo...
The artist traveled to the US to work directly off of George Washington. He took measurements of his body and even took a “Life Mask” of his face. The original statue is carved from Carrara marble. It is done in a roman style depicting a standing life-sized Washington. In his right hand is a cane, his left
The exact proprietor of the Elgin Marbles has been disputed for many years between the British Museum and the Greek Ministry of Culture in Greece. The British Museum intends to keep the Elgin Marbles in London and on display in the Duveen galleries. The Greek Ministry of Culture is trying to acquire the Elgin Marbles, who claims Greece is the correct residence of the marbles, to be placed in the New Acropolis Museum in Athens. My stance in this dispute is for the Eglin Marbles to be returned to Greece so they can be placed in the New Acropolis Museum. My resolution to this problem is for the British Museum to give half of the Elgin Marbles to the New Acropolis Museum, which will choose the marbles they want to receive. In return the British Museum would receive a few pieces of artwork from the New Acropolis Museum.
Saint George is a statue that was sculpted by Donatello in the prime of his career. From top to bottom, this realistic statue displays a sort of defiance towards his enemies and a sense of pride in his country. This begins with his expression of pride and inner turmoil on his face and ends with the wide stance of his feet, a mighty shield in-between. Even the platform he is standing on and the composition of his body help contribute to the strength of this realistic soldier of a man. Everything from his mighty arms to the cloak he wears on his back act as a shield to the enemies of whomever building or town this sits by. Saint George is a symbol of hope and defiance to his protectors and a symbol of battle fury and fear to his enemies. There are three elements of art that help contribute to this the most; composition, pose and stance, and size.
Stylized marks are engraved along the statue which are used to both decorate and give meaning to the piece. The creator of this piece used many rounded geometric patterns commonly found in Islamic art which complements the rounded body of the griffin. The more simple engravings include wave-like feathers on the wings, semi-circular scales on the chest, and circles between geometric patterns on the back. More complex engraved teardrop images are displayed on the top of each leg which feature the
Economic growth focuses on encouraging firms to invest or encouraging people to save, which in turn creates funds for firms to invest. It runs hand-in-hand with the goal of high employment because in order for firms to be comfortable investing in assets such as plants and equipment, unemployment must be low. Hereby, the people and resources will be available to spur economic growth.
The man is standing- naked-with dominant power, and his body is strongly structured and muscles clearly shown. He is holding a sword pointing down against his collarbone, and the pierced skin is shown to be bleeding out of the wound as well. His face is confident and he is wearing what seems to be a wrapping around his neck. The woman is wearing full clothing and is slouched over on the ground, lifeless, and the man is holding one of her arms up. The scene is very dramatic and and intense. The sculpture is said to represent the victory of Attalos I over the Gauls. The Gauls are known to have long and bushy hair with and long neck bands, which I know now, are called Torques. The Gallic chieftain stabs himself with a sword, killing himself, instead of surrendering. He is known to be heroic because he avoided the capture of his wife, who would have been sold to slavery, but instead took her life. In order to look at the whole sculpture , you need to walk around and get a good view of each of the man and woman’s expressions. This sculpture is from the Roman Hellenistic era. Originally, the sculpture was grouped with many others, and is from the acropolis of the kingdom of Pergamon. The men and women were represented as Gauls because the hair on the sculptures did not look nice or healthy, so historians think that they were barbarians at the time. They also believe that the man and
Cheyne, C., O’Brien, M., Belgrave, M. (2008). Social Policy: In Aotearoa New Zealand (4th ed). Australia and New Zealand: Oxford University Press
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One of the most prevailing issues that surrounds our society and the industrial sector is the continuous rise in unemployment. The assessment of the poor performance of an economy affects the rise in unemployment rates which is assessed through the prevalence of unemployment and the percentage of the overall unemployed labor force and those who are still in the process of looking for work. According to Bassanini (2007), Duval (2007) and Ernst (2011) some of the factors and determinants that influences the rates on unemployment are the policies on minimum wages, increased tax burden and labor demand. The supply and demand side policies complement each other regarding unemployment because of the leniency and the if labor supply would increase
while or even not at all, they will not be hired as they have no
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