2. Real estate as an adequate response to current economic conditions and investor requirements
2.1. Overview and fundamental classification
Compared to other assets such as shares or pension investments, real estate shows particular characteristics. Remarkable is the investment volume and transaction costs which are of particular importance considering real estate investments. Not seldom for commercial properties direct investments are expenditures ranging in the one- to two-digit million areas. Even for some forms of indirect investments like the minimum subscription for closed property funds, financial hurdles can be excessive. As a result, some particular characteristics can be observed, such as a limitation of potential investors, a natural
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This chapter points out the peculiarity of this asset type in comparison to all the other asset types and traces out the advantages and opportunities investors face regarding real estate. Advantages investors have in terms of real estate investments are only discussed briefly, because explaining every opportunity in detail would go beyond the scope of this paper. Since real estate consists of a variety of real estate and is considered by definition as ’idiosyncratic’ and ‘unique’ . Furthermore, it should be noted that certain opportunities have meet the investor’s needs. Therefore the determination of many advantages must be considered in relation with the possible risks, so the final result is in line with the requirements of the investor. This means, that the opportunity for an investor is not in any case appropriate for a different …show more content…
Moreover, the portfolio will be strategically optimised, by a professional investment fund manager. Contrary to closed end funds, the number of individuals is not limited and they are allowed to trade their share on a daily basis, being the cause for the most fundamental problem: a breach of the golden balance-sheet rule, meaning long term investments being funded by short term capital. It is evident that an open end fund is obliged to run for an unlimited period. This is mainly because real estate represents long-term investments and is, therefore, less liquid than funds investing in other assets such as bonds. A sale at short notice (a ‘fire sale’) would most likely lead to losses on disposals. To avoid selling pressure at the end of the term and to ensure a maximum return, the term must not be
After analyzing a sample of 40 gulf view condominiums and 18 no gulf view condominiums it becomes evident that variations exist between the two different types of properties. When reviewing the data it becomes clear that luxurious gulf view condominiums can fetch larger selling prices and are listed on the market for fewer days than no gulf view condominiums. No gulf view condominiums fetch lower selling prices and sit on the market for longer periods of time since they are not as popular as condominiums that have wonderful views of the gulf.
...S$1 billion from private equity funds in the year to March 2012. In a market as large as India, that is still far from impressive, but incoming capital is expected to rise in the following year. If it does, it will represent a significant turnaround for a market that foreign private equity investors have largely shunned since the onset of the global financial crisis. Risks associated with Indian real estate investment are considerable, however. As one interviewee puts it, “It’s like China, but more complex in every possible way, without the infrastructure.” Bureaucracy, ubiquitous delays, land acquisition scandals, and an ongoing national protest movement targeting corruption have all contributed to waning foreign interest in Indian markets, with foreign direct investment and portfolio investment dropping markedly despite economic growth of about 8 percent in 2011.
Markets have a big impact on the economy of any country. In the United Kingdom, one of the main markets that effects its economy is the housing market. According to FTI Consulting LLP (“FTI”) (2012) housing is of intrinsic importance to the economy and society. Housing has a dual role as: a human need, through its functional use as somewhere to live and the influence of its attributes on people’s well-being; and an asset, given that for many it is a long term investment which represents a large proportion of their wealth. The housing market is divided into two main types, the first type of housing market is known as the rental market where tenants rent properties from landlords (Anderton, 2008). The second type of housing market is the owner-occupied market where people buy a property in order to live in it (ibid). In recent years, several non-price factors have led to the increase of property prices in the United Kingdom. These factors are subcategorized into non-price factors of demand and supply. According to Anderton in Economics (2008) “demand is the quantity of goods and services that will be bought at any given price over a period
Rebecca Young has finished taking her Master of Business Administration and decided to move to Toronto in May 2013. She moves to a new place to follow her desire on finding a new job in investment banking. She rents a spacious condominium with two bedrooms in it with the rents of $ 3,000 per month. In July 2014, the same condominium unit next to her condominium are decided to be sold. Young believed that she could afford the condominium for $ 600,000. However, she felt that she bought a condominium that will not meet her long-term needs. Thus, Young decided to sell it in two to ten years. Analysis of Young's decision to buy or rent a condominium from the quantitative side is the suitable way to get the best financial decisions.
For fiscal 2011, the real estate allocation was around 28% of its assets. The real estate portfolio of Yale was reviewed by their real estate managers and Yale’s had exercised a wide range of control and continuously reviewed the investment decision of the real estate managers. Additionally, they had pared its portfolio to focus on those managers with whom the staff was most comfortable in terms of people and execution. Since there has a lot of challenges invest in the real assets, recently, Yale’s has considering to reclassify the real assets into two groups, real estate and natural resources (oil and gas, minerals and mining, and timberland).
This paper is written to provide a reasonably comprehensive overview of Section 1031 of the IRC as it pertains to real estate transactions, and to offer some thoughts on the wealth-creation advantages that 1031 Exchanges offer.
Real estate is defined by the Barron’s Dictionary of Real Estate Terms as the “land and everything more or less attached to it. Ownership below to the center of the earth and above to the heavens.” This definition clearly conveys the geographically fixed nature of real estate and the inherent risk associated with this characteristic that is not found in other financial assets such as stocks and bonds. It is the identification and quantification of these risks that dominates the real estate decision. Regardless of whether a large insurance company is determining if it will insure a “trophy” office property in New York City or Starbucks debating the financial feasibility of a store in a new shopping center, identification of risk is central to the decision-making process. The advent of geographic information systems (GIS) has allowed these decision-makers to better analyze various risk components and draw more informed conclusions.
It is important to clarify some key assumptions that were made in valuing the properties to this NPV. First, the project yields a high IRR of 73 %, due largely in part to the sale of each building upon lease up. For the cash flow projections, it was assumed that all buildings are sold 18 months after construction completion. Therefore, with the exception of the last building to be sold, Heron Quay, the buildings are sold toward the end of their free-rent periods and no rent is collected.
The following essay will expand on the usefulness and flaws of CAPM and other asset evaluation frameworks and in the end showing that despite all the evidence against CAPM it is still a useful model for determining asset investments.
One of the key areas of long-term decision-making that firms must tackle is that of investment - the need to commit funds by purchasing land, buildings, machinery, etc., in anticipation of being able to earn an income greater than the funds committed. In order to handle these decisions, firms have to make an assessment of the size of the outflows and inflows of funds, the lifespan of the investment, the degree of risk attached and the cost of obtaining funds.
When valuing the property, the figures should not be the only issue but also the demographic factors and the services offered. When valuing the property, everything within the property should be assessed. The items inside a house should be valued by the size, the cost and the age of existence, this includes the furniture’s and any other utensils that may be available. For items like the computer, the cost and the make are of importance. The car should also be valued if it forms part of the property and the model and the year of make are of essence. The surrounding of the property should also be put into consideration; the geographical location of the property should be put into consideration (Tucker Sundeep, 2006).
In order to understand the concept of financialization and the housing market on the global and local level, one must know that there is a global pool of money that is simply the worlds savings bank. In 2000 the pool had $36 trillion and has since doubled in size (Blumberg 2008). Its most recent profit increase was a result of developing countries and cities such as India, Abu Dhabi, and China making money. This doubled the cash pool available for investments, but left fewer solid investments for the taking. The solution was residential mortgages and the US housing market. The investment managers thought the low-risk high-return investment in the housing market was a good, stable idea. The glo...
When prices increase, the quantity decrease (Graph 1) and new firms enter the market in order to make economic profits. However this does not mean the real estate agents or brokers earn more money. On the contrary, the prices they charge may increase, but the number of houses each sell do not change (Goolsbee, 2005, Online). From this it is evident that the price of products in the real estate market is not affected by the entry of new firms.
This paper will give a basic analysis of the real estate market by looking at different types of real estate markets as well as the influences on the value and uses of property within
Introduction Real estate is a fixed, tangible and immovable asset in the form of houses or commercial property (Seldin & Richard 1985). Real estate market involves developing, renting, selling/purchasing and renovating of these assets (houses). Market participants include developers (contractors, engineers, and so on), facilitators (mortgage companies, real estate brokers, banks, management agents and so on), owners, renters (leasers) and renovators (Seldin & Richard 1985). Like other economic markets, real estate markets have internal and external forces that impact the market (Seldin & Richard 1985). Demand and supply forces have the major impact on the industry as they determine growth or decline in the market (Seldin & Richard 1985).