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Developmental Psychology Chapter 7
Developmental Psychology Chapter 7
Developmental Psychology Chapter 7
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Recommended: Developmental Psychology Chapter 7
Developmental Psychology Journal Articles
The five journal articles I examined were all from a
journal titled Developmental Psychology, May 2000. The first
journal article that I observed was "Sleep Patterns and
Sleep Disruptions in School-Aged Children." This study
assessed the sleep patterns, sleep disruptions, and
sleepiness of school-age children. Sleep patterns of 140
children (72 boys and 68 girls; 2nd-, 4th-, and 6th-grade
students) were evaluated with activity monitors
(actigraphs). In addition, the children and their parents
completed complementary sleep questionnaires and daily
reports. The findings reflected significant age differences,
indicating that older children have more delayed sleep onset
times and increased reported daytime sleepiness. Girls were
found to spend more time in sleep and to have an increased
percentage of motionless sleep. Fragmented sleep was found
in 18% of the children. No age differences were found in any
of the sleep quality measures. Scores on objective sleep
measures were associated with subjective reports of
sleepiness. Family stress, parental age, and parental
education were related to the child's sleep-wake measures.
The next article I observed was "Shared Caregiving:
Comparisons Between Home and Child-Care Settings." The
experiences of 84 German toddlers (12-24 months old) who
were either enrolled or not enrolled in child care were
described with observational checklists from the time they
woke up until they went to bed. The total amount of care
experienced over the course of a weekday by 35 pairs of
toddlers (1 member of each pair in child care, 1 member not)
did not differ according to whether the toddlers spent time
in child care. Although the child...
... middle of paper ...
...h their
mothers and their fathers on separate occasions in their
families' homes. Parent-child pairs played for 8 minutes
each with a feminine-stereotyped toy set (foods and plates)
and a masculine-stereotyped toy set (track and cars). Levels
of affiliation (engaging vs. distancing) and assertion
(direct vs. non-direct) were rated on 7-point scales every 5
seconds from the videotapes for both parent and child.
Overall, the play activity accounted for a large proportion
of the variance in parents' and children's mean affiliation
and assertion ratings. Some hypothesized gender-related
differences in behavior were also observed. In addition,
exploratory analyses revealed some differences between the
different ethnic groups. The results highlight the
importance of role modeling and activity settings in the
socialization and social construction of gender.
In Touchpoints: Your Child’s Emotional and Behavioral Development, by T. Berry Brazelton and Joshua D. Sparrow they created a research study of four children over four years, from three to six. This is where the book begins an introduction of the four “Brazelton babies” which are, Billy, Minnie, Marcy, and Tim. It lists numerous everyday situations that parents are bound to deal with, and instead of exploding handling it the Brazelton way. Touchpoints as the book explains in the introduction is a time of vulnerability as the child continues to grow and develop, because during these moments there are setbacks or regression in their behavior.
There was this study done by Meret A. Keller and Wendy A. Goldberg that is focused on if co-sleeping is affecting student’s independence and self-reliance in a negative way. They hypothesized that children who sleep on their own are more independent and self-reliant than children who co-sleep. The procedure focuses on 83 preschool aged children and their mothers. They send out surveys to the parents to answer questions that are about independence and self-reliance. For a child to be independent they need to be able to fall asleep on their own, sleep through the entire night all by themselves, and be weaned from breastfeeding. In order for the child to be self-reliant, they need to be able to do things themselves such as dress themselves. For the results the children were split into three categories, early co-sleeping where the parents started co-sleeping their child when they were infants, reactive co-sleeping where the parents started co-sleeping their child at or after they were a one-year-old, and solitary sleeper where the child sleeps in the different room as the parents. The results were interesting. They were split into three different types of results. There was “Children’s Self-reliance and Social Independence,” “Independent Sleep Behaviors,” and “Adaptive Independence.” In “Children’s
Developmental theories are often based on an age-related stages, or milestones, that signify meaningful changes in physical, cognitive, behavioral and social aspects within the human lifespan. One of the most well known developmental theories is Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stages of development. Freud, like others after him, theorized that early childhood experiences play an important role in personality development. Although, contemporary developmental theories include adolescence, adulthood, and late adulthood, the theories early focus on childhood development makes this approach particularly useful when working with children.
McKenna, James J. Joyce, Edmund P. "Cosleeping and Biological Imperatives: Why Human Babies Do Not and Should Not Sleep Alone." Neuroanthropology.net. n.p. 21 December 2008. Web. 8 March 2014
'A child's mind is a blank book. During the first years of his life, much will be written on the pages. The quality of that writing will affect his life profoundly.‘
All children need sleep and want sleep during the weekdays and that is very difficult. It has been noticed that older students and younger students, such as third graders and eleventh graders, sleep patterns are very different. In many places it is the same way that middle schools and high school start earlier than elementary schools. The problem is that adolescents stay up at least two and a half hours later than younger children do (Bergin 2). Older kids stay up for various reasons and younger children can fall asleep easier and earlier than high school students. Kids from elementary school all the way to high school tend to get up at relatively the same time but as stated before older kids go to sleep later than younger children. Ages 3-17 children tend to get up at the same time which is 7 a.m. (Bergin 1). The sleep patterns differ between high school students and elementary students but they are also very different between students and teachers.
Developmental Psychology Attachments in Developments = == == == ==
Psychological development is the development of a person’s emotional, intellectual, cognitive, and social capabilities and functions that they acquire throughout their lifetime. This starts from birth and carries on until death, but how does pregnancy affect the development stage? There are many myths that when women become pregnant their cognitive capabilities begin to decrease and the mother suffers from ‘baby brain’ or ‘placenta brain’. Scientists are interested in this and some wondered what role pregnancy plays in the increase or decrease of a woman’s cognitive function.
Developmental Psychology according to Goldstein and Weiner’s (2003) Handbook of Psychology, Volume 6, Developmental Psychology states that this is the study of “how temporal changes in the familial, social, and cultural contexts of life shape the quality of the trajectories of change that individuals traverse across their life spans.” Developmental psychology is basically the study of an individual, from the cradle to the grave and how they contrast and develop in various life spans. Developmental Psychology tackles numerous concepts; however, one of the most controversial and prominent concepts which aims to elucidate the development of a child’s cognitive, emotional and behavioral state would be Diana Baumrind’s conceptualization of the parenting
One of the issues with most parents of newborns is the amount of sleep their infant obtains and when the sleep occurs whether it is daytime or nighttime. An important goal for parents is ti eliminate the stress of their infants night awakenings by getting their infant to form early, healthy, and independent sleep habits. This is the goal of most parents specifically in western countries such as the United States which is why many are against co-sleeping. Sleeping through the night or settling is a misleading concept. Most adults and children periodically wake up throughout the night and fall back asleep without being aware of these awakenings, something infants cannot achieve right away. Parents of newborns cannot expect the baby to have eight hours of uninterrupted sleep especially in a room by themselves but they can expect gradual improvement. Wolfson, Lacks, and Futterman (1992) studies the effects of parent training on infant sleeping patterns, parents’ stress, and perceived parental compete...
all going up a level at the same time; there might be a few that fail
In exploring the discussion about developmental psychology, there is a need to review the historical background of the works, which led to what we have today. Most of the work started as philosophical subjects with argument being the interplay between biology and culture. Leading these discussion on these dichotomous view were philosophers such as John Locke attributing development completely to the effect of sensory input. His view suggested that babies are born with a clean tablet where all information needed is input from experience. On the other side, of the discussion was the French philosopher Descartes' who believed that we are born with the specific kind of idea (Keller, 2000). Beside those two there were many other theory on human development one being development follow the same stages as the evolution of species. These theories had birth new ideas and propelled developmental Psychology to new heights and pushed researchers to develop different methods in conducting researches on children
Developmental theories are broken up into two perspectives; Life-course, and Latent Trait. These perspectives may answer questions on why juveniles have grown to lead a destructive life-style and why others grow out of their delinquency. Latent trait explains that some tendencies we are may be born with and how important it is to be there for our children. Our parenting skills do have a profound effect on how our children may lack self control or have an impulsive behavior.
Studies have previously been conducted about sleep and students. These studies cover a variety of variables including sleep length, inductive reasoning, preference in time of day, grade-point average, sleep quality, etc. (Escribano & Díaz-Morales, 2013);(Gilbert & Weaver, 2010). In one study researchers used Likert scales on a one to five platform to gather information (Gilbert & Weaver, 2010), and another on a one to four scale (Gaultney, 2004). Another study had a survey that asked for objective information such as exact grade-point average (Kelly, Kelly & Clanton, 2010). Yet another study used sleep logs and divided the students into a series of three classes based on their sleep habits (Tsai & Li, 2004). This stu...
Leading up into class I was both bit nervous and excited, since this was the first time in years that I haven’t taken a class outside of my particular major. As I was going through the course schedule, I had in my mind that I did not just want to take any old class just because I need it to graduate. So I came across developmental psychology and thought to myself that this would be a good fit because I enjoy learning about other people. Once class started, I was a little confused of how it the class was going to be because I already had the thought in my head that I was going to be learning about people older in age, rather than learning about how babies develop before they are born. After understanding more about what I was going to learn