Kurt Koffka’s excerpt from “Perception: An Introduction to Gestalt-Theorie” was an attempt in 1922, to introduce the then new and becoming German school of thought in psychology, Gestalt-Theorie, to America. The gestalt-theorie is rooted in the field of perception and Koffka aimed to prove how more efficient their theory has proven to be. Perception under this school of thought denies any theoretical meaning, the concept does not suggest anything that is brought fourth through the imagination or through mere thought it bears a concrete definition. He explores three psychological principles, sensation, association, and attention. And he points out a key feature of how their theory introduces a statistical method to predict infinite amount of associations that can be made. Furthermore, attention under the gestalt-theorie is ambiguous. Essentially, the theory explains how those three principles are not sufficient enough to explain the vast amount of mental abilities. Koffka pushes for Wertheimer’s phi-phenomenon and encourages American psychology to abandon their perception, if-you-will...
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The movie “Philadelphia” shows our society in the workforce and the discrimination that can take place because of an illness or sexual orientation. In this movie Andy Beckett, a fully competent Philadelphia lawyer, is fired from the firm wheeler & Co. because he has AIDS and because he is homosexual. According to the statutes, the American with Disabilities Act, it is unlawful for an employer to fire an individual because of a terminal illness such as cancer or in this case AIDS. Moreover in the movie Andy was diagnosed with HIV, and he does not tell his supervisors in the firm for his sickness and that he is homosexual. However this does not impede the man’s performance, and if the illness does not impede in the performance in the job, the employer has not reason to fire you. Which in this case is not true because more often the law and morality are not one and the same. For example in the movie Charles Wheeler, the senior partner who assigned Andy a very important case in which a very important letter of that case was misplaced, so they accused Andy for that incident and they also ...
ABSTRACT: In 1983, Fodor’s Modularity of Mind popularized faculty psychology. His theory employs a trichotomous functional architecture to explain cognitive processes, which is very similar to Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception. Each theory postulates that perception is a mid-level procedure that operates on transduced information and that perception is independent of our cognitive experience. The two theories differ on whether perception is informationally impenetrable. This difference is essentially an empirical matter. However, I suggest that Merleau-Ponty’s allowance of cross-modal communication within perception explains our ability to identify features in noisy backgrounds better because his theory offers a more definitive ontology that matches human substantive behavior. Likewise, evidence within cognitive science suggests that Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology is a more accurate depiction of human cognitive processes.
The reading for week three focuses on analyzing the information uncovered by Ehrenreich. The purpose of the Evaluation was to highlight key social problems apparent in the field findings of the three cities Ehrenreich visited. In this week’s reading section, the author focuses strongly on her Minneapolis and Portland experiences. The main points Ehrenreich writes about are unionization, wage, and housing costs. Walmart, one focal point of the section, embodies many of the social and economic problems that Nickel and Dimed brings to question. Ehrenreich notices while at Walmart that workers are unaware of the indignities taking place in the workplace. Many employees lack the education, confidence, and opportunities
A double replacement reaction, also called a double displacement reaction, is a type of chemical reaction in which two compounds react, and the anions and cations of the two reactants switch places to form two new compounds (products). A general equation for a double replacement reaction would be: AX + BY → AY + BX, along with any states of matter subscripted after each compound. Simply put, a double replacement reaction is the exchange of positive ions, or cations, between two compounds to form two new compounds. A precipitation reaction is a double replacement reaction in which two aqueous reactants
Greta Christina eloquently puts into words something I know in theory, but can be hard to understand in practice in heterosexual relationships. In Are we having sex now or what? Christina details her record keeping of how many people she had sex with, and what she counted as sex. She talks about the limiting misconception of sex only being coitus, and other acts not “counting.” Christina writes of how when she started having sex with women her outdated system of what was sex and what was not sex was completely destroyed. By limiting sex to “penis in vagina,” Christina was discounting some of her favorite sexual experiances, and including ones she did not particularly enjoy.
It is almost impossible to write historically informed essays about any given topic in modern psychology without making reference to the work of Wilhelm Wundt. In part, this is because he produced a tremendous amount of written work (over 53,735 published pages1), and because he is widely regarded as the first experimental psychologist.2 So, it’s no surprise that Wundt has something to say about the psychology of judgment. Given the historical context in which his work took place, however, you might be surprised to learn that Wundt was keenly aware of both the problems with traditional associationist accounts of psychology and the temptations of psychologism. His system of psychology, while acknowledging the associative characteristics of some types of thought, takes pains to stress the non-additive nature of higher cognitive acts and fights to preserve the independence of psychology (and the rest of the “special sciences,” including logic and ethics) from physiology. In this paper, I’ll briefly review the basics of Wundt’s approach, detail the neo-Humean roots of his psychology, discuss how he attempts to embellish those roots with some apperceptive greenery, and summarize his position regarding psychologisms.3 While Wundt’s motives are to be admired (…and despite his historical significance), I'll conclude that his attempt to be true to the physiological roots of the psychology of judgment while still respecting its ultimate independence vis-à-vis logic was a failure.4
In Problems in African Imperial Histories, historians Gan and Duignan,Walter Rodney, and A. Adu Boahen debated about the Colonialism in Africa. Each historian explained a different view on the impact of European empire for Africa. Walter Rodney and A. Adu Boahen viewpoints stood out the most. Colonial rule contributed to Africa’s exploitation and lead to socio-economic development. Rodney expresses the negative impact on Africa. Boahen explains the negative and positive aspects of the Colonial rule.
Technology mainly that how we communicate has dramatically changed the way people and information is gathered for social or political purposes. Clay Shirky talks about in his Ted talk about how institutions use professionals to advance their cause to the greatest possible. They use the 20/80 rule meaning that 80% of the work is done by 20% individuals in the organization. It is not cost effective for a company or institution to try to meet the demands of everyone but must fixate on a smaller group of individuals that are more likely to contribute to the institutions success or profitability.
Titchener, who was a one student of Wundt, on the other hand, described his system as structuralism, which involves the analysis of the structure of the mind. Tichener broke down consciousness into elemental feelings and sensations. Wundt held the belief that consciousness was vital in scientific psychology, thus dependent on structuralism. He used introspection to study the functions of the mind occurring in active experience. It is however, imperative to note that Wundt’s introspection could not be used to establish higher functions of the mind. He divided the active experiences as feelings and sensations (Titchener, 1915).
Cece's partial deafness does not interfere with her ability to create relationships with others. Cece has the power/capability to expand/deepen her relationships with friends and/or family. Not only that but, Cece has the capability to expand the number of relationships she is intertwined in as well. Overall, Cece's medical case doesn't really make her any different from the kids in her grade and in general. Meaning she can be just a normal person (animal) as well.
The study of psychology began as a theoretical subject a branch of ancient philosophy, and later as a part of biological sciences and physiology. However, over the years, it has grown into a rigorous science and a separate discipline, with its own sets of guidance and experimental techniques. This paper aims to study the various stages that the science of psychology passed through to reach its contemporary status, and their effects on its development. It begins with an overview of the historical and philosophical basis of psychology, discusses the development of the various schools of thought, and highlights their effects on contemporary personal and professional decision-making.
I am writing my reaction paper on Ida B. Wells who was an early leader in the Civil Rights movement. Ida was born July 16, 1862 in Holly Springs Mississippi where she was born a slave. Ida was active in women's rights and women's suffrage movement as well. She was a leader who was not scared to speak about what she believed in and spoke about the rights of all African Americans. At the age of fourteen a tragedy happened in her family, which was yellow fever that was spread throughout Holly Springs killing her parents and younger siblings. From there is when Ida had to grow up and take responsibility to keep the rest of her family together and also fight for civil rights for African Americans at this early age. When Wells moved to Memphis to live with her aunt so she can help take care of her and her siblings is when Ida really had to start fighting for justice with her race and gender. One of the biggest fights she had to go through was with the conductor of the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad company where she was asked to give up her seat to a white man and was demanded to go be seate...
Psychology represents the field that deals in the study of the ‘mind’ and how acquired experiences get expressed within and without the emotional and physical body. In the analogy of psychology, one of the original and keen researchers of the mind was a mental-scientist; Wilhelm Wundt (Pomerleau, 2008). One of his significant identifiers as a ‘master psychologist’ is his opening of the first dedicated trial psychology laboratory in 1879, held to be a key step in the culmination of the ‘science’ in modern psychology (McLeod, 2008). In his exertions, he defined the dissimilarity between the fields of psychology and the prior invented philosophy. Wundt provided a clearer disambiguation of the mind in a systematic measurement and organized control. He studied in depth the responsive trait of the mind to stimuli, while describing contemplations and sensorial repulsions, bringing forth a sumptuous knowledge on voluntarism.
As Watts notes,65 the successful reduction of thermodynamics to statistical mechanics in the world of physics has allowed for the emergence of both bottom-up and top-down accounts; consequently, our understanding of both has been considerably developed and restructured. He argues that such an approach is even more necessary in the realm of biology in order to facilitate the much-needed integration of the nervous system with consciousness – a similar revolutionizing of both concepts might very well ensue.66 This essay is arguing that it would be more constructive for contemporary psychology to incorporate the complexity, causal efficacy and thus the existence of human mental phenomena into its accounts of the human person. When understood as only one level of explanation among many others, psychological accounts of the human person are both compatible with traditional Abrahamic theological assumptions, and, as this essay has sought to demonstrate, of tremendous complementary value to