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Recommended: Discussion on enzymes
The human body is composed of hundreds of thousands of cells. Among these cells various functions are carried out in order to keep the body properly functioning. Chemical reactions play into a cells ability to carry out a function, cells use fuel in the form protein. A common protein is an enzyme; it can be defined as “a protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.” (Campbell, 2009). In the process of a reaction enzyme can help to either move a reaction along of completely speed up the process. When enzymes are helping to aid in a reaction it acts upon what is called the active site. An active site binds together the enzyme and substrate; this creates an enzyme …show more content…
Reactions tubes were created; there was a total of 10 reaction tubes. Each tube was filled with 2.0ml of a buffer solution with the recorded pH level including 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, then 2.0ml of potato extract which acted as the enzyme catalase for the cause of the experiment, at this point in time 2.0ml of hydrogen peroxide was added to the reaction tube. As the hydrogen peroxide was added to the tube a rubber stopper was placed into the tube. At the end of the stopper was a gas production tube, this tube was then submerged into a beaker full of water. Within this beaker contained the graduated cylinder full of water. As the gas production tube was submerged into the beaker and placed under the mouth of the cylinder. At this point in time the reaction tube began to gently be shaken in a back and forth motion, this was a continuous shake. A soon as the rubber stopped was placed onto the reaction tube, the length in time was recorded for 60 seconds. At the end of the 60 seconds the gas tube was removed from the beaker of water and data was recorded. The data recorded was the rate at which oxygen was produced ml/minutes. This process was repeated with all ten pH buffers and data was recorded. After the 60 time length for each process, oxygen production/accumulation was recorded by measuring the graduated cylinder that was submerged in water. One can observe that there were differences in which the rate of oxygen was produced ml/min between the group procedure and class procedure. It was noted that all pH levels that were tested between the group and class were the same as well as the enzyme catalase. Each reaction tube contained 2ml of the three part solutions to create the reaction. When contrasting the two groups it is notable that the rate in which oxygen is
However, at 3% substrate concentration, the hydrogen peroxide decomposition showed an immediate peak of up to 3.8 mm in height. As the substrate concentration slowly increased, enzyme
The purpose of this study is to analyze the activity of the enzyme, catalase, through our understanding
This experiment requires four tubes with an enzyme solution, chelating agent and deionized water. Also a fifth tube that is the calibration tube for the spectrophotometer, which only has 5ml of dH2O. The calibration tube is used to level out the spectrophotometer to zero before each trial. The spectrophotometer was set at 540 nm, “since green is not a color seen with the conversion of catechol to benzoquinone.” The enzyme solution was made by using potato that was peeled so that the golden color of the skin wouldn’t react or interfere with the red color needed in the spectrophotometer. After it was peeled, it was cut into chunks to minimize excess heat created while it was blended. It was put in a chilled blender and 500ml of deionized water was added. Chilled, deionized water was used because it created a hypotonic environment that caused the cells from the potato to burst and release the catecholase. It was chilled
Since there are more collisions, chemical reaction takes place faster. What am I measuring for?
Therefore we can conclude that the enzyme catalase works best in a neutral pH and least effectively in an acidic and alkaline
The purpose of the lab was to show the effect of temperature on the rate of
The egg whites were precisely cut in small pieces and the same sizes were cut for every test tube to avoid any mistakes in the experiment. The measurements of the dimensions of the egg whites were taken in meters before and after the experiment to record the changes. The two egg whites were then added to each of the test tubes along with the labelled enzymes, acid, and base, except that instead of enzymes water was added in the control test tubes to compare the results
In this lab, it was determined how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is affected by physical factors such as enzyme concentration, temperature, and substrate concentration affect. The question of what factors influence enzyme activity can be answered by the results of peroxidase activity and its relation to temperature and whether or not hydroxylamine causes a reaction change with enzyme activity. An enzyme is a protein produced by a living organism that serves as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and does so by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. With that energy reactants are brought together so that products can be formed.
Enzymes are catalysts that lower the activation energy required to perform a reaction, thus making the rate quicker and energy efficient. Enzymes consist of an active site, which serve as the location of the chemical reaction, and is the area that the substrate will bind to. The substrate will be binded to the active site via hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds. Once the substrate is attached, the enzyme will perform the chemical reaction that can either breakdown or form the new substances. An enzymes active site is stabilized by a multitude of weak reactions, that ultimately allow them to support the accelerated chemical reactions.
The lab experiment aimed at investigating the effect of acid or pH on the activity of a catalase enzyme. Catalase enzyme is an enzyme that usually allow its cell to get rid of excessive hydrogen peroxide by splitting hydrogen peroxide into water molecule and oxygen. Materials required Fresh meat (fish) which is an acidic food, Yeast, H2O2, fresh vegetable (potato) which is an alkaline food, Dropper, and Scaled Beaker. Hypothesis testing Provided catalase enzyme is present within peroxisomes, the optimal pH of the enzyme is supposed to be equal to the pH value of the solution within the peroxisomes.
Abstract: Enzymes are catalysts therefore we can state that they work to start a reaction or speed it up. The chemical transformed due to the enzyme (catalase) is known as the substrate. In this lab the chemical used was hydrogen peroxide because it can be broken down by catalase. The substrate in this lab would be hydrogen peroxide and the enzymes used will be catalase which is found in both potatoes and liver. This substrate will fill the active sites on the enzyme and the reaction will vary based on the concentration of both and the different factors in the experiment. Students placed either liver or potatoes in test tubes with the substrate and observed them at different temperatures as well as with different concentrations of the substrate. Upon reviewing observations, it can be concluded that liver contains the greater amount of catalase as its rates of reaction were greater than that of the potato.
I shall be measuring how much gas is given off. This will be done by measuring the amount of froth on the surface of the liquid. The oxygen released is collected in the form of these bubbles. The equation for the reaction is: (catalase) [IMAGE] H2O2 2H2O + O2 (hydrogen peroxide) (2 part water) (oxygen) I will change the concentration of H2O2 and O2 (making sure the volume stay the same, when one part of a H2O2 particle is taken, an O2 particle is added. Prediction
I blended on high to make the potatoes more liquid-like. I grabbed the cheesecloth and placed on the top of the blender. I poured the potato extract on the container and labeled it. I found out that I have to make 1% sugar solution so I grabbed the sugar and measured into 5 grams on the scale. I added 5 grams of sugar on 250 ml graduated cylinder and poured the water into the cylinder. I mixed the sugar with water and poured it into the saucepan. I refilled the water into the graduated cylinder and poured into the saucepan. I turned on the heat of the stove and saw the sugar dissolved. I poured into a container and labeled 1% sugar solution. I repeated the same thing with 1% salt solution by using 1 gram of salt and filled the water into graduated cylinder by 100 ml. I answered question three. In the first experiment, I grabbed four transfer pipets and used it to put solutions into the test tubes by 3ml. I labeled it and placed into the plastic cups so it can stand upright. I grabbed each test tube and poured 2 ml of catalase solution into it. I also tapped and swirled to measure the bubbles by using the ruler. I wrote the numbers into the lab report. In the second experiment, I labeled the room
Enzymes are protein molecules that are made by organisms to catalyze reactions. Typically, enzymes speeds up the rate of the reaction within cells. Enzymes are primarily important to living organisms because it helps with metabolism and the digestive system. For example, enzymes can break larger molecules into smaller molecules to help the body absorb the smaller pieces faster. In addition, some enzyme molecules bind molecules together. However, the initial purpose of the enzyme is to speed up reactions for a certain reason because they are “highly selective catalysts” (Castro J. 2014). In other words, an enzyme is a catalyst, which is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without undergoing changes. Moreover, enzymes work with
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).