Raymond Mohl's Article: Race And Housing
analytical Essay
1405 words
The United States’ government had always had a hand on our country’s housing market. From requiring land ownership to vote, to providing public housing to impoverished families, our government had become an irremovable part of the housing market. The effects of these housing policies can affect American residents in ways they might not even recognize.
In his article, “Race and Housing in the Postwar City: An Explosive History,” Raymond Mohl focuses on suburbanization and racial segregation in post-World War II America. Due to discriminatory practices in the housing market, Mohl believes there were actually two housing markets in America, one for white people and one for black people. Many African American families were unable to find their
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Instead of focusing on the relationship between federal housing policy and segregation, as does Mohl, DiPasquale explores how rental housing and federal policies affect each other. In her article, “Rental Housing: Current Market Conditions and the Role of Federal Policy,” DiPasquale challenges the federal policies that were in place at the time she wrote her article. She brings to attention her belief that in the past, government policies have given much of their focus to homeowners and little to the renter. Through her research, DiPasquale had found that rental housing had become increasingly less affordable, especially to poorer tenants, who are spending a greater portion of their income on rent. This not only poses a problem to the renters, but also to the landlords, for if the renters cannot pay the rent, the landlords get a vacancy and no income from their property. She also asserts her belief that homeownership is not for everyone, and uses evidence from the recent housing crisis to support her claim. Her article calls for a revamping of current federal policies to level the playing field between home owning and renting. By doing so, households will have more choices available to them when it comes to choosing suitable housing for them …show more content…
She then goes into her case study of the city of New Orleans. In the eyes of Gonzalez-Perez, even in New Orleans, public housing was hindered by political war. After the assassination of Senator Huey Long, Gonzalez-Perez brings us to the end of the political war between the Louisiana State Government and the federal government, and New Orleans receives funds for slum clearance and public housing. Gonzalez-Perez argues that this was the turning point for the New Orleanian public’s view of public housing, stating that public housing proceeded with little opposition (455). However, even with little opposition, Gonzalez-Perez implies that public housing still could not escape the grasp of political hinderance. She acknowledges the fact that although New Orleans had historically mixed residences, public housing increased the racial segregation in the city, due to there being separate projects for whites and blacks. Gonzalez-Perez notes that the white projects maintained higher vacancy rates than the black projects, and through her research, feels this was due to white residents having better employment opportunities as well as white projects having a more desirable location. Overall, Gonzalez-Perez concludes that due to the
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united states' government had always had a hand on our country's housing market. these policies can affect american residents in ways they might not even recognize.
- Analyzes how raymond mohl focuses on suburbanization and racial segregation in post-world war ii america.
- Analyzes how mohl's article, "whitening miami: race, housing, and government policy in twentieth-century dade county," continues the theme of racial segregation and housing policy.
- Explains that the united states' government had always had a hand on our country's housing market. these policies can affect american residents in ways they might not even recognize.
- Analyzes how raymond mohl focuses on suburbanization and racial segregation in post-world war ii america.
- Analyzes how mohl's article, "whitening miami: race, housing, and government policy in twentieth-century dade county," continues the theme of racial segregation and housing policy.
- Analyzes how denise dipasquale explores the relationship between federal housing policy and segregation in her article, "rental housing: current market conditions and the role of federal policy."
- Analyzes how anthony downs argues that housing policies have changed american housing since world war ii.
- Analyzes kenneth jackson's article, "federal subsidy and the suburban dream: the first quarter-century of government intervention in the housing market."
- Analyzes how margaret gonzalez-perez concludes that public housing policies in new orleans were doomed to fail due to the political wars.
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- The Evolution of Federalism and Housing Policyanalytical essayQuigley, J. M. (2002, April 3). A decent home: Housing policy in perspective, (pp. 53-99). Berkley, CA. University of California, Berkley Program on Housing and Urban Policy. Retrieved June 20, 2011 from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f57x42q
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how james madison, alexander hamilton, and john jay drafted the federalist papers to persuade new york to ratify the united states constitution.
- Explains that the american concept of federalism implies balance, a system of checks and balances created by division of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the national government.
- Explains how the personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act of 1996 shifted responsibility for the administration of entitlements to states, and the emphasis on public housing changed.
- Analyzes how james madison, alexander hamilton, and john jay drafted the federalist papers to persuade new york to ratify the united states constitution.
- Explains that the american concept of federalism implies balance, a system of checks and balances created by division of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the national government.
- Explains how the personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act of 1996 shifted responsibility for the administration of entitlements to states, and the emphasis on public housing changed.
- Explains that the framers of the constitution couldn't have foreseen the changing role the national government would have in the affairs of local and state domestic policy.
- Explains how the government became directly involved in domestic policy during the depression and new deal.
- Cites cimini, c. n., dehaven, t. and nivola, p. s.
1468 wordsRead More - Public Housing Discrimination Essayanalytical essayIn contrast to popular assumption, discrimination in public housing is becoming more prevalent than ever before. Testing done by the Fair Housing Center of Greater Boston has found that today people of color are discriminated against in nearly half of their efforts to buy, sell, finance, or rent property (“1968-Present Housing Discrimination). The statistics are even worse when considering colored people who have families as the testing found that they are discriminated against approximately two thirds of the time (“1968-Present Housing Discrimination”) In addition to facing great difficulty in property affairs, people of color are less likely to be offered residence in desirable locations. 86 percent of revitalized
In this essay, the author
- Explains that people of color are discriminated against in nearly half of their efforts to buy, sell, finance, or rent property. the statistics are even worse when considering colored people who have families.
- Argues that racial discrimination has been extended to occur through subliminally discriminative colorblind practices.
- Explains that racially restrictive covenants were legally enforceable contractual agreements that prohibited the buying, selling, renting, and/or occupation of a property by people of color.
- Explains that people of color are discriminated against in nearly half of their efforts to buy, sell, finance, or rent property. the statistics are even worse when considering colored people who have families.
- Argues that racial discrimination has been extended to occur through subliminally discriminative colorblind practices.
- Explains that racially restrictive covenants were legally enforceable contractual agreements that prohibited the buying, selling, renting, and/or occupation of a property by people of color.
- Compares the residential patterns created by racially restrictive covenants and restrictive leasing. the anti-drug abuse act, president bill clinton's "one strike and you're out" legislation, and the "quality housing and work responsibility act" all strongly urged public housing agencies to practice rigorous screening procedures and enforce their own exclusionary standards.
- Argues that there is no justified way of suspecting someone to be a felon solely based on their racial orientation.
- Compares the advantages of being a member of the white or caucasian race to being more qualified, given more information, quoted lower loan rates, gifted higher discounts, and transferred to revitalized communities.
- Explains that the federal housing administration helped legalize racism and segregation in the public housing industry by denying mortgages on the basis of racial orientation.
- Argues that public housing is another example of legalized discrimination that allows the criminal justice system to subliminally target racial minorities and people of color.
1829 wordsRead More - Housing Inequality Sociologyanalytical essayCompare and contrast the ways in which housing inequalities are discussed from the perspectives of social policy and criminology, and economics (TMA 02)
In this essay, the author
- Explains that housing is a key topic to focus on when it comes to social policies. it can be linked to different crime rates in areas that are more deprived.
- Argues that social policies are there to help keep order in the housing market on social issues, but they don't always produce the desired effect.
- Explains that criminologists look at social factors and how they can influence crime.
- Explains that housing is a key topic to focus on when it comes to social policies. it can be linked to different crime rates in areas that are more deprived.
- Argues that social policies are there to help keep order in the housing market on social issues, but they don't always produce the desired effect.
- Explains that criminologists look at social factors and how they can influence crime.
- Explains that economics view the issue of housing inequality by looking at things such as wealth distribution and, the differences between buying & renting.
1132 wordsRead More - Discrimination towards Minorities When Buying Homeopinion essaySidney, Mara S. 2003. Unfair Housing: How National Policy Shapes Community Action. Lawrence: Univ. Press of Kansas.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that today everyone has the right to own land, a home, and start their own family. however, blacks, hispanics and other minorities were discriminated upon in the early 60's to the late 80’s
- Opines that the fifth, thirteenth, and fourth amendments are supposed to treat everyone with equality. however, discrimination once plagued our country because of a person’s color, race, or religion
- Explains that the civil rights act of 1866 prohibits all discrimination private and public in the sale of real property. the fair housing act created protected classes.
- Opines that today everyone has the right to own land, a home, and start their own family. however, blacks, hispanics and other minorities were discriminated upon in the early 60's to the late 80’s
- Opines that the fifth, thirteenth, and fourth amendments are supposed to treat everyone with equality. however, discrimination once plagued our country because of a person’s color, race, or religion
- Explains that the civil rights act of 1866 prohibits all discrimination private and public in the sale of real property. the fair housing act created protected classes.
- Explains that the 1968 fair housing act does a lot to help fight against discrimination in housing but there are some areas the laws have not reached yet.
- Explains that the civil rights act of 1968 was diversified more to provide the same protection for people who are handicapped, as well as citizens with children under the age of 18.
- Explains that the fair housing laws are effective, but there is a way to implement punishment if they are broken.
- Recommends filing a complaint with hud, filing court action, and contacting the u.s. attorney general if they feel the laws have been violated.
- Explains jacobus, charles j. real estate principles. 12th ed. mason oh: on course learning, 45040.
- Cites donovan, s., fair housing laws and presidential executive orders - hud.
- Explains title viii: fair housing and equal opportunity - hud.
- Explains sidney, mara s., unfair housing: how national policy shapes community action.
1472 wordsRead More - More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner Cityanalytical essay...ll. The inner city has many complications the fact that most are African American is a mere coincidence. If we as a nation are capable of fixing all institutions and structural issues we could bring the slums out of poverty. The cycle of unemployment and poverty is a terrible cycle that cannot only be judged by race and cultural values. When reading this book keep in mind the difficulties, any family or person could go through these tribulations. There are many arguments and sides to each problem; this is another one of those. The battle for inner city poverty, and the factors that go along with it, has not been finished. Wilson brings out a different aspect which could help people expand horizons and come up with better solutions.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how wilson created the atmosphere of binding black race with economic and social issues when there are other contributing factors. the plight of low-skilled inner city black males explains the other variables.
- Analyzes how the suburbanization of the middle class had a major impact on african american society. the creation of highways and freeways is not seen as an act of racism, but here is another way to look at this.
- Recommends wilson's book because it demonstrates that it is not all just in the race. he separates the two and creates a new framework for the advancement of minorities and inner city problems.
- Analyzes how wilson created the atmosphere of binding black race with economic and social issues when there are other contributing factors. the plight of low-skilled inner city black males explains the other variables.
- Analyzes how the suburbanization of the middle class had a major impact on african american society. the creation of highways and freeways is not seen as an act of racism, but here is another way to look at this.
- Recommends wilson's book because it demonstrates that it is not all just in the race. he separates the two and creates a new framework for the advancement of minorities and inner city problems.
- Explains wilson, william j. more than just race: being black and poor in the inner city.
- Analyzes how wilson creates a thrilling new systematic framework to three politically tense social problems: the plight of low-skilled black males, and the persistence of the inner-city ghetto.
- Explains how the inner city ghetto is bursting with many risks, such as criminal activity, and falling public schools. the federal housing administration is an intentional racial factor.
- Explains that the fragmentation of the african american family could be applied to all dysfunctional families.
1316 wordsRead More - The Sum of All Fears: An Analysis of Institutional Discrimination in the Housing Market and its Effects on The District of Columbiaanalytical essayOwning a home in the neighborhood of one’s choice is central to the American dream. Nearly all people would agree that the right to pursue the American dream should not be restricted for anyone, regardless of race, creed or national origin. But for millions of American citizens, and a majority of the District of Columbia’s residents, major barriers restrict freedom of choice in housing. Even after the passage of two Fair Housing Acts, blacks in America, and specifically in the District, face systematic discrimination that serves to perpetuate segregation and white oppression.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes institutional discrimination in the housing market and its effects on the district of columbia.
- Opines that steering perpetuates segregation, leading whites and blacks to neighborhoods where their races are already predominant.
- Describes the fair housing council of greater washington's report citing discrimination encountered by african americans and latinos when they tried to buy a home in the washington area.
- Analyzes institutional discrimination in the housing market and its effects on the district of columbia.
- Opines that steering perpetuates segregation, leading whites and blacks to neighborhoods where their races are already predominant.
- Describes the fair housing council of greater washington's report citing discrimination encountered by african americans and latinos when they tried to buy a home in the washington area.
- Explains that white testers received more prompt attention and were shown more properties within their price range and in predominantly white areas, compared to minorities. blacks were often told that they must qualify for a mortgage before being shown lists.
- Opines that the insurance industry is the next color-coded barrier to the american dream because of institutionalized racism.
- Describes how an african-american tester for the fair housing council called an insurance company seeking tenants insurance in the district of columbia, maryland, and virginia. this discrimination denied blacks the opportunity to purchase their own homes and accumulate wealth.
- Analyzes how a black person must deal with abnormally high rejection rates when applying for mortgages. a 1991 federal reserve study in boston was interpreted this way by the boston globe.
- Analyzes the subtlety of discriminatory practices in washington d.c., stating that blacks face unnecessarily high rejection rates when applying for mortgages, real estate steering, and insurance industry.
- Argues that discriminatory practices in the housing industry are often treated as the problem of selected individuals or providers who have prejudicial attitudes. richardson recognizes race as an issue but places blame on the racist individual.
- Argues that past institutional racism has directly caused today's segregation and economic disparity. however, the term ‘classism’ fails to convey the historical roots of institutionalized racism.
- Explains how the racially restrictive covenant was an obvious effort to enforce segregation, and it received support in the district.
- Analyzes how howard gillette jr. describes the history of segregation in between justice and beauty, describing the conditions less than 60 years ago.
- Analyzes how the practices of mortgage lenders, real estate companies, property insurers, and white citizens groups shape housing patterns and wealth acquisition. institutional discrimination in housing and lending markets extends into the future.
- Opines that the federal government's racist procedures are one of the leading causes of today’s racial wealth disparity and segregation in our neighborhoods.
- Explains that the state has erected major barriers to black economic self-sufficiency, from the first codified decision to enslave african americans to the local ordinances that barred blacks from certain occupations.
- Explains that the federal housing authority was established in 1934 to usher in the modern mortgage system. the fha refinanced thousands of mortgages in danger of foreclosure.
- Explains that the fha was concerned with maintaining segregation, fearing a drop in property values, and recommended restrictive covenants until shelley v kraemer in 1948.
- Explains that the fha set itself up as the protector of the all-white neighborhood and sent its agents into the field to keep negroes and other minorities from buying houses in white neighborhoods.
- Explains that even after the 1968 fair housing act, which prohibited housing decisions based on race, enforcement of anti-discrimination measures proved problematic.
- Explains that in 1988 the fair housing act was amended to increase the enforceability of anti-discrimination measures and expanded the jurisdiction of the justice department.
- Points to the elimination of blunt racism in the district and the lax enforcement of anti-discrimination laws as evidence of a new racism.
- Analyzes maurice white's testimony in a 1986 anti-discrimination case. he argued that discrimination has become more sophisticated.
- Analyzes how the tests by the fair housing council and mr. white’s lawsuit represent the intersection between the subtle, ignored racism that permeates our daily lives, and the visible racist that nearly everyone publicly condemns.
- Opines that the goal must be to root out subtle racism and bring institutional discrimination into the light.
- Analyzes how yolanda surles, in a special to the washington times, has attempted to shed light on subtle racism through sheer numbers.
- Explains the social consequences of showing black prospective homebuyers different properties than a white applicant. segregation strips black communities of resources and reproduces inequality.
- Analyzes the evidence that poor communities of color are singled out for toxic waste sites. a 1992 study concluded that polluters based in minority areas are treated less severely by government agencies than those in largely white communities.
- Analyzes how institutional racism has enriched white communities at the expense of black communities. the right to a proper hospital and non-toxic living environment, as well as equal opportunity and wealth, is applicable only to whites.
- Analyzes how melvin oliver and thomas shapiro point out the consequences of institutional discrimination in their book black wealth/white wealth.
- Argues that segregation is a barrier to black self-sufficiency. money flows into white suburban neighborhoods and out of mostly black urban areas.
- Explains that residential segregation means that whites and blacks do not interact in many activities based on social proximity. this isolation of the races has consequences beyond the visible or the testable.
- Analyzes the psychological and social consequences of segregation in sociology for the twenty-first century, edited by janet abu-lughod.
- Explains that in the early 1990s journalist isabel wilkerson’s field report of two adjacent suburbs of chicago, one white and one black, found that many whites "live out entire lives without ever getting to know a black person."
- Argues that the psychological consequences of institutional racism have been known for much longer than the last few decades. redlining, steering, and rejection based on race are very close to the rule.
- Opines that housing segregation is encouraged by lending institutions, insurance companies, and many realtors. regulations that are enforceable need to be in place and those with authority to enforce anti-discrimination laws need the funds and manpower to do so.
- Opines that residential segregation perpetuates inequality by reducing the wealth and opportunity of the black community and increasing the fear and misunderstanding between the races.
- Opines that an end to institutional racism would bring us closer to an ending to residential segregation in america.
- Opines that the end of discriminatory procedures in the housing market would bring our society closer to truly equal opportunity.
- Cites abu-lughod, janet, avins, alfred, botta, robert and fair housing council of greater washington.
- Cites gillette, howard, jr., jackson, kenneth t. crabgrass frontier: the suburbanization of the united states.
- Explains that financial stakes in housing discrimination cases are growing higher. mayer, caroline. evidence of bias spurs new push for fair housing
- Explains oliver, melvin, and thomas shapiro's book, black wealth/white wealth.
4213 wordsRead More - Immigration into the United Statesanalytical essayImmigration into the United States has been a motivating factor in a large population growth emerging from the slums of urban areas such as New York and Chicago, which has created a huge cultural absorption that has impacted the history of the United States. Throughout Poverty, Ethnicity, and the American City, 1840-1925, David Ward’s attempts to explore the negative and what some would call incorrect views and beliefs that many Americans have regarding the slums, the ghettos and the impoverished immigrant lifestyles. The American interpretation of these poverty stricken areas throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth century in contrast to today and the way Americans view ghettos and the inner city. He finishes stating that the slums became temporary residences for migrants, and were no longer synonymous with simply impoverished immigrants and even “native” citizens.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes ward's attempts to explore the negative and what some would call incorrect views and beliefs that many americans have regarding the slums, ghettos and impoverished immigrant lifestyles.
- Explains that the earliest use of the term slum expressed the anxieties about negative consequences of industrialization such as environmental pollution and housing congestion.
- Analyzes ward's attempt to classify the poor without admitting to the endemic nature of poverty. the worthy are eligible for relief, while the unworthy are considered undeserving of charity.
- Analyzes ward's attempts to explore the negative and what some would call incorrect views and beliefs that many americans have regarding the slums, ghettos and impoverished immigrant lifestyles.
- Explains that the earliest use of the term slum expressed the anxieties about negative consequences of industrialization such as environmental pollution and housing congestion.
- Analyzes ward's attempt to classify the poor without admitting to the endemic nature of poverty. the worthy are eligible for relief, while the unworthy are considered undeserving of charity.
- Explains that the end of the nineteenth century brought forth the association between slums and the inner city.
- Explains how the national conference of charities and corrections changed the categories of misconduct and misfortune to "causes within and outside the family."
- Analyzes how new interpretations of employment led to a new complexity regarding the issue. in the early twentieth century, the public reaction to poverty had dramatically shifted.
- Explains that the early stages of the twentieth century brought forth new views on the slums for the american public.
- Analyzes ward's analysis of the negative interpretation of ghetto and whether or not there is any validity to the american definition.
- Analyzes how david ward's book, poverty, ethnicity, and the american city, 1840-1925, is interesting and fresh, covering a broad array of topics and using interesting, well-researched information.
- Explains ward covers a wide array of ethnicities throughout the united states, covering almost one hundred years of immigration history from their lifestyles in slums and ghettos to the general american public's perception of why and how many of these immigrants are living in impoverished conditions.
- Analyzes ward's focus on new york city, chicago, and the chicago school of urban sociology.
- Analyzes ward's clear and concise writing style that does not attempt to confuse the reader, but rather explain the most important messages in relation to history.
- Analyzes ward's book, poverty, ethnicity, and the american city, 1840-1925, which includes 725 sources in just 217 pages of reading material.
- Opines that ward's work is extremely detailed, thorough, well researched, and the information presented throughout the text is easily obtainable.
- Opines that ward's work is a landmark in american literature that will endure the test of time and remain of academic relevance in the distant future.
- Analyzes how ward uses excellent diction to keep the readers attention throughout his book, but never once over the course of 217 pages does any piece of information truly jump out at you.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that the concentration in housing and community development focuses on innovative approaches for improving the quality of life within low-income urban communities.
- Asks what can be done in urban schools so that urban youth perform at the same levels as suburban children.
- Explains why racial segregation has intensified over the years. the "plantation system" mentality permeates through every fabric of society as if we lived in city-state athens in 500 bc.
- Explains that the concentration in housing and community development focuses on innovative approaches for improving the quality of life within low-income urban communities.
- Asks what can be done in urban schools so that urban youth perform at the same levels as suburban children.
- Explains why racial segregation has intensified over the years. the "plantation system" mentality permeates through every fabric of society as if we lived in city-state athens in 500 bc.
- Explains that policy analysts, program developers, and managers in the public and nonprofit sectors face special problems as they seek to improve the economic well-being and social functioning of diverse groups.
- Explains that the program in urban policy analysis and management is an institution of the national association of schools of public affairs and administration (naspaa).
- Explains how they were amazed by jonathan kozol's book savage inequalities and how many of their classmates were disconnected from the realities of poor/low achievement, low-motivated, decrepit schools, poor teachers and teaching strategies.
853 wordsRead More - Analysis Of The Hoodanalytical essayInstead of helping, the public housing programs further concentrated the African-American community and “those who remained in the ghetto tended to become more distant” (Anderson), having access to an adequate education, resources required to obtain jobs, and also lacking protection under the law as violence grew daily amongst its inhabitants. Since “Socialization is the way in which people learn the norms and values found in their society, develop social skills, and participate in societal roles that will be continued throughout their lifetime” (Koepke)the “economic and social isolation emerged from the ghetto” (Hart)and in a sense cut its members off from the “real”
In this essay, the author
- Explains that a productive culture, adequate education, and the ability to adapt socially are vital building blocks needed to finish our path to success.
- Explains that the african american underclass is the most disadvantaged population of the african-american urban community. the high rates of poverty, joblessness, violence, alienation, and hopelessness are all characteristics of this community which greatly reduces its members' ability to become successful contributing members of society.
- Analyzes how residents of "the hood" live in an area that has become a physiological prison where they are bound by the culture cultivated there.
- Explains that a productive culture, adequate education, and the ability to adapt socially are vital building blocks needed to finish our path to success.
- Explains that the african american underclass is the most disadvantaged population of the african-american urban community. the high rates of poverty, joblessness, violence, alienation, and hopelessness are all characteristics of this community which greatly reduces its members' ability to become successful contributing members of society.
- Analyzes how residents of "the hood" live in an area that has become a physiological prison where they are bound by the culture cultivated there.
- Explains that mechanization and other changes in agricultural production in the postwar south left many african americans without work. between 1940 and 1960, more than three million african american made their way from the south to northern cities in search of employment.
- Opines that the great migration promised an optimistic future for african-americans. east st. louis attracted large numbers of black migrants and ghetto communities, opening up opportunities for black business.
- Explains that the northward migration of african-americans came at a time when the region's imagined racial order had not fully solidified.
- Opines that black people were to be contained in the ghetto, and this viewpoint led to the mistreatment of african-americans.
- Analyzes how the advancement of technology and labor in other countries robbed many living in the ghetto of their jobs and changed the structure of life in this area.
- Opines that the rise in unemployed african americans opened the doors for white americans to further hold them back by denying loans through the process of redlining.
- Analyzes how the u.s. government operated its early public housing programs on the basis of de jure racial segregation.
- Analyzes how the social isolation of the african-american community gained momentum due to a decline in municipal resources and white americans leaving the area in search of employment and housing in the suburbs.
- Analyzes how the ghetto has adapted a new name by its inhabitants, "the hood". while education continues to decline, violence, incarceration rates, and self-fulfilling prophecy of failure in this area have grown significantly.
- Analyzes how violence is a way of life and the key to success in the hood.
- Explains shakur's three stages of establishing respect on the street: 1) building a reputation through violence, 2) building name recognition in relation to gangs, and 3) forming an active work ethic.
- Explains that violence is the result of alienation and marginalization from mainstream labor opportunities and a lack of resources in urban communities. an underground and illegal economy has provided social and economic means for young black men to survive.
- Explains that african american self-employment may also be because african-american-owned businesses cater to african americans in the central city. another effect of isolation from the job market is forced to create a market that they could profit from.
- Explains that the dependency on public assistance is another effect of social isolation. "welfare queens" were african american women that made a career of being supported by the government.
- Analyzes how children growing up in "the hood" are unconscientiously forced to decide if they will conform to the accepted behaviors of their community or face ridicule and lack of respect associated with attempting to rise above their surroundings.
- Explains that the adoption of street-code values represents individuals embracing values, beliefs, and behaviors that are consistent with the rules or norms of the neighborhood street culture.
- Analyzes how the images of the black criminal and the welfare queen hold a threatening status and encourage the wider society to pigeonhole blacks and relegate them to the category of "other."
- Argues that african americans are still at a disadvantage due to the contradictory pressures of racial integration and ghetto containment as well as the profound discomfort with black presence.
- Argues that the racism, lack of employment, and concentration of african-americans has created a culture unconducive to the success of its members.
2092 wordsRead More - Chicago’s Cabrini-Green Housing Projectanalytical essayIn 1942, a public housing development went up on Chicago’s near north side to house veterans returning from World War II. They were known as the Francis Cabrini Homes, and “were built in an area that had undergone massive slum clearance”. They consisted of fifty-five two and three story redbrick buildings arranged as row houses, resembling army barracks. The Francis Cabrini Homes housed 600 racially diverse families un...
In this essay, the author
- Describes chicago's cabrini-green as the most impoverished and crime-ridden public housing development ever established.
- Explains that the francis cabrini homes were built in 1942 to house veterans returning from world war ii. they housed 600 racially diverse families until 1959.
- Explains that chicago's notorious reputation for crime-ridden, poor quality public housing is a direct result of public policy during the reign of former mayor richard j. daley.
- Describes chicago's cabrini-green as the most impoverished and crime-ridden public housing development ever established.
- Explains that the francis cabrini homes were built in 1942 to house veterans returning from world war ii. they housed 600 racially diverse families until 1959.
- Explains that chicago's notorious reputation for crime-ridden, poor quality public housing is a direct result of public policy during the reign of former mayor richard j. daley.
- Compares the 1954 pruitt-igoe housing project in st. louis, missouri, with cabrini-green. the supreme court blocked racial segregation and the project became integrated.
- Explains that henry cisneros, the federal housing secretary, caught wind of an incident where two boys, ten and eleven, dropped a five-year-old out of the fourteenth floor window.
- Explains that the cha experienced difficulties with this type of building design, ranging from problems with heating systems to frequent elevator failures. renovation of these buildings is not economically feasible.
- Argues that the demolition of these monoliths of crime is the destruction of their home and community.
- Explains that the chicago housing authority sees the demolition of these antiquated structures as a great step forward in the development of modern public housing.
- Explains that cabrini-green is a shining example of the wretched state of public housing in the city of chicago.
- Cites chicago housing authority's plan for transformation, year 3, moving to work, annual plan fy2002.
1551 wordsRead More - Eduardo Bonilla-Silva's Book, Racism Without Racistsanalytical essayCharles, Camille (2003). The dynamics of racial residential segregation. Annual Review of Sociology, 167. Retrieved from http://jstor.org/stable/30036965.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how eduardo bonilla-silva discusses the new racial discrimination in his book, racism without racists.
- Explains how bonilla-silva analyzes color blind racism using interview data and a 1998 detroit area study.
- Analyzes how bonilla-silva's abstract liberalism is used for a wide range of issues, such as rationalizing racial unfairness in the name of equal opportunity.
- Analyzes how eduardo bonilla-silva discusses the new racial discrimination in his book, racism without racists.
- Explains how bonilla-silva analyzes color blind racism using interview data and a 1998 detroit area study.
- Analyzes how bonilla-silva's abstract liberalism is used for a wide range of issues, such as rationalizing racial unfairness in the name of equal opportunity.
- Analyzes how cultural racism uses the "they don't have it altogether" statement, arguing that minorities' standing is a product of their lack of effort and loose family organization.
- Analyzes bonilla-silva's analysis of the das survey response to the question if the students believed that discrimination was currently a problem.
- Analyzes how bonilla-silva uses naturalization to explain the limited contact between whites and minorities, or to rationalize white preferences for them as significant others.
- Explains that white habitus is a "radicalized, uninterrupted socialization process that conditions and creates whites' racial taste, perceptions, feelings, and emotions" and negative views about non-whites.
- Analyzes the impact of white habitus on racial segregation, including the negative effect of naturalization and justifications of the discrimination and the lack of empathy.
- Analyzes how colorblind racism barricades whites from america's racial reality. blacks are also affected by color blindness.
- Opines that the only way to work on the struggle against racial inequality is to continue to talk about it, learn and emphasize the effects of it.
- Opines that integration of all forms is the key to dissipating racism.
1656 wordsRead More - Housing Segregation and Minority Groups in the United Statescomparative essayThe downgrading of African Americans to certain neighborhoods continues today. The phrase of a not interested neighborhood followed by a shift in the urban community and disturbance of the minority has made it hard for African Americans to launch themselves, have fairness, and try to break out into a housing neighborhood. If they have a reason to relocate, Caucasians who support open housing laws, but become uncomfortable and relocate if they are contact with a rise of the African American population in their own neighborhood most likely, settle the neighborhoods they have transfer. This motion creates a tremendously increase of an African American neighborhood, and then shift in the urban community begins an alternative. All of these slight prejudiced procedures leave a metropolitan African American population with few options. It forces them to remain in non-advanced neighborhoods with rising crime, gang activity, and...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that african americans and caucasian americans are different on most topics. they are less likely to get their choice of housing than whites.
- Explains that housing segregation is the application of denying minority groups, especially african americans, equal access to housing through misinterpretation.
- Compares the findings of the study and the perspective of segregation theories based on chapter 12 in "majority-minority relations" 6th edition.
- Explains that african americans and caucasian americans are different on most topics. they are less likely to get their choice of housing than whites.
- Explains that housing segregation is the application of denying minority groups, especially african americans, equal access to housing through misinterpretation.
- Compares the findings of the study and the perspective of segregation theories based on chapter 12 in "majority-minority relations" 6th edition.
- Cites farley, j. e., squires, g. d, friedman, and siadat.
846 wordsRead More - Poverty And Eviction In Evicted By Matthew Desmondanalytical essayIn the Pulitzer prize-winning novel Evicted, sociologist Matthew Desmond follows eight families as he exposes how the lack of affordable housing perpetuates a state of poverty. He even goes so far as to assert that it is eviction that is a cause of poverty, not the other way around (Desmond 229). While this latter argument is as engrossing and it is striking, analyzing it with justice is simply not possible within the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, it is these two factors—inescapable poverty and eviction—that engender an unrelenting condition of financial, emotional, and communal instability, effectively hindering any chance of upward mobility.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes matthew desmond's argument that eviction is a cause of poverty in the pulitzer prize-winning novel evicted.
- Analyzes how financial instability is both an instigator and a product of poverty.
- Explains that the specific mental effects of poverty and eviction manifest differently within each person, but they can and often do spur varying degrees of emotional instability.
- Analyzes matthew desmond's argument that eviction is a cause of poverty in the pulitzer prize-winning novel evicted.
- Analyzes how financial instability is both an instigator and a product of poverty.
- Explains that the specific mental effects of poverty and eviction manifest differently within each person, but they can and often do spur varying degrees of emotional instability.
- Explains that they have never personally experienced or known someone who has experienced the chilling conditions and difficulties described in evicted.
816 wordsRead More - Murder Capital: “Chiraq, Drillinois” a City at Waranalytical essayGoetz, Edward G.. New Deal ruins: race, economic justice, and public housing policy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2013. Print.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that gang life is a by-product of social disorganization, the weakness of traditional institutions, like the schools, to replace the lost primary networks of the traditional world.
- Explains that systemic racism, government apathy, isolation of impoverished communities, gang influence, poor quality of education in many predominantly black public schools, and the loss of living wage jobs contributed to the ongoing bloodshed.
- Analyzes how chicago's ghetto has persisted since the cha housing projects were destroyed in the early 2000s. the displacement of families and gangs has contributed to violence.
- Explains that gang life is a by-product of social disorganization, the weakness of traditional institutions, like the schools, to replace the lost primary networks of the traditional world.
- Explains that systemic racism, government apathy, isolation of impoverished communities, gang influence, poor quality of education in many predominantly black public schools, and the loss of living wage jobs contributed to the ongoing bloodshed.
- Analyzes how chicago's ghetto has persisted since the cha housing projects were destroyed in the early 2000s. the displacement of families and gangs has contributed to violence.
- Explains that chicago's 70 gangs operate in chicago, with more than 100 thousand members among them. leaders like david barksdale and larry hoover played a major role in controlling and structuring gang activity.
- Opines that chicago's young rappers are responding to the engulfing violence by challenging it, ignoring it and grieving it. the miseducation of the impoverished youth has led to countless deaths.
- Argues that black america is murdering itself over drug turf, bruised egos, minor altercations and petty insults. the national media is ignoring it, and impoverished individuals are internalizing it.
- Describes the works citedchi raq. dir. will robson- scott.
1176 wordsRead More - Race, Urban Poverty, and Public Policyanalytical essayThe problems of race and urban poverty remain pressing challenges which the United States has yet to address. Changes in the global economy, technology, and race relations during the last 30 years have necessitated new and innovative analyses and policy responses. A common thread which weaves throughout many of the studies reviewed here is the dynamics of migration. In When Work Disappears, immigrants provide comparative data with which to highlight the problems of ghetto poverty affecting blacks. In No Shame in My Game, Puerto Rican and Dominican immigrants are part of the changing demographics in Harlem. In Canarsie, the possible migration of blacks into a working/middle-class neighborhood prompts conservative backlash from a traditionally liberal community. In Streetwise, the migration of yuppies as a result of gentrification, and the movement of nearby-ghetto blacks into these urban renewal sites also invoke fear of crime and neighborhood devaluation among the gentrifying community. Not only is migration a common thread, but the persistence of poverty, despite the current economic boom, is the cornerstone of all these works. Poverty, complicated by the dynamics of race in America, call for universalistic policy strategies, some of which are articulated in Poor Support and The War Against the Poor.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the problems of race and urban poverty remain pressing challenges which the united states has yet to address.
- Analyzes how wilson builds upon the insights he introduced in the truly disadvantaged, such as the rampant joblessness, social isolation, and lack of marriageable males that characterized many urban ghetto neighborhoods.
- Analyzes wilson's cross-national recommendations on educational policy, including the implementation of national performance standards in u.s. schools, buttressed by financial support to offset school district/regional inequalities.
- Explains that the problems of race and urban poverty remain pressing challenges which the united states has yet to address.
- Analyzes how wilson builds upon the insights he introduced in the truly disadvantaged, such as the rampant joblessness, social isolation, and lack of marriageable males that characterized many urban ghetto neighborhoods.
- Analyzes wilson's cross-national recommendations on educational policy, including the implementation of national performance standards in u.s. schools, buttressed by financial support to offset school district/regional inequalities.
- Analyzes how anthropologist katherine newman draws attention to the plight of the working poor rather than the jobless poor.
- Analyzes how real and imaginary threats to property values and racial balance quickened the struggle over territory.
- Analyzes how david ellwood's poor support and herbert gans' the war against the poor contribute to the understanding and debate on urban poverty.
- Analyzes how newman focuses on the school-to-work proposal, while lauding employer consortiums to provide job training, networks which provide access to job referrals, and skills-based promotional programs.
- Analyzes the impact of poverty, crime, and drugs on the perceptions, lifestyles and strategies of negotiating the streets employed by residents of the two communities.
2428 wordsRead More