Rates of Reaction Investigation
Aim The aim of my investigation is to prove that changing the surface
area of calcium carbonate chips, either by increasing or decreasing,
will affect the rate of reaction between the calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid, i.e. the rate of carbon dioxide being produced by
the reaction will increase/decrease.
Plan I will do this by conducting a simple experiment of calcium
carbonate reacting with hydrochloric acid and recording how much
carbon dioxide is being produced every one minute. I will do three
sets of tests for each of the three different surface areas (large,
medium, and powdered).
Variables There are many variables that could affect the rate of
reaction in this experiment. These are:
• Surface area of calcium carbonate used
• Concentration of acid
• Amount of calcium carbonate
• Amount of acid
• Temperature of the acid
• Use of a catalyst
The things I could measure/observe are:
• Temperature of the acid
• Volume of acid
• Catalyst
• Concentration of acid
• Surface area of calcium carbonate
The variables that will stay the same during my series of tests are:
• Temperature of the acid
• Amount of acid
• Concentration of acid
• Amount of calcium carbonate
The independent variable I have chosen to study is the surface area of
the calcium carbonate.
I will measure and observe the rate of production and the volume of
carbon dioxide produced throughout my reaction as my dependant
variable.
Predictions The question I am going to investigate is: 'Does the
surface area of calcium carbonate affect the rate of carbon dioxide
being produced when reacting with acid?'
With this in mind I predict that by increasing the surface area of the
calcium carbonate (having smaller chips) the rate of production of
carbon dioxide will increase as well. I also predict that by
decreasing the surface area of the calcium carbonate (having larger
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The aim of my investigation is to find out whether the increase of temperature increases the rate of reaction between the two reactants of Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid. I will then find out and evaluate on how temperature affects this particular reaction. Factors There are four main factors, which affect the rate of reaction that are considered as variables for the experiment I will be doing, they are the following: Molecules can only collide when two of them meet together.
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Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate arrow calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water. HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) arrow CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Things that affect the reaction rate of this experiment are: 1. The temperature of the hydrochloric acid. 2.
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that the rate of reaction must be fast enough to make as much of the
The rate of reaction is how quickly or slowly reactants in chemical reactants turn into products. A low reaction rate is when the reaction takes a long time to take place; hence, a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate. A rate refers to how slow or quick the product is produced. It is possible to control the rate of chemical reactions and speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions by altering three main factors which are temperature, concentration and the surface area. When the temperature of the reactants increases, the molecules vibrate at a more intense speed therefore colliding with each other more frequently and with increased energy resulting in a greater rate of reaction. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases the molecules will move slower, colliding less frequently and with decreased energy resulting in the rate of reaction decreasing. Concentration is how much solute is dissolved into a solution and is also a factor that affects the rate of reaction. When the concentration is greater this means there is an increased amount of reactant atoms and molecules resulting in a higher chance that collisions between molecules will occur. A higher collision rate means a higher reaction rate. Consequently at lower concentrations there are reduced chances of the molecules colliding resulting in a lower reaction rate. The measurement of how much an area of a solid is exposed is called the surface area. The quicker a reaction will occur the more finely divided the solid is. For example, a powdered solid will usually have a greater rate of reaction in comparison to a solid lump that contains the same mass for it has a lower surface area than the powdered solid.