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Effect of concentration on chemical reaction
Collision theory experiments
Effect of reactant concentration on the reaction rate
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Rate of reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form carbon dioxide gas. One way of following the rate of reaction at which it reacts is to measure the volume of carbon dioxide produced at certain time intervals during the reaction.
CaCO + 2HCl CaCl + H O + CO
===========================
Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid Calcium Chloride + Water
+ Carbon Dioxide
Equipment
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Delivery tube
Conical flask
Hydrochloric acid
Calcium carbonate chips
Burette
Beaker
Electric scales
Measuring cylinder
Tub
Water
Electric timer
Goggles
Retort stand
The different factors that can affect my experiment are the temperature, the concentration of my reactants and the surface area, also adding a catalyst. We have decided to test different concentrations of hydrochloric acid for our experiment because it will give us sufficient results to make our evidence reliable.
RATE OF REACTION BETWEEN
HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND CALCIUM CARBONATE
LOW CONCENTRATION
HIGH CONCENTRATION
I think that during our experiment, the higher the molarity of acid the quicker the rate of reaction will be, I think this because of the collision theory. If the solution is made more concentrated, there will be more particles in the solution. This makes collisions between important molecules more likely and will collide more often. At the beginning of the reaction, there are lots of reactants particles (and no products). This means a lot of productive collisions between reactants. As time goes on these reactants will become less and less
(because reactants have been turned into products), therefore less collisions, so the rate of reaction will slow down. If the molarity of the acid concentratio...
... middle of paper ...
...act same size we could use 2 chips in one experiment and get 1g then we could use 4 chips in another experiment and still get 1g. This meant that the surface area for the hydrochloric acid changed in each experiment for it to react and collide with. I could have stopped this by sieving so
I would get chips that are of the same or close enough the same surface area.
Overall my results are fairly reliable, yet could be subjective to change if better methods were available. If I was to do my experiment again I would make sure I would do it all on the same day and maybe change the limits of the products so that the results we got could be more accurate and we would have less anomalous results like the 2.5 molar experiment. However, if I did this experiment again I would expect the same results and patterns that I have got apart from the
2.5 molar and 3 molar experiments.
Did you know that 92 out of a 100 drugs tested on animal’s fail on helping humans? Well it’s a true and valid fact and it happens all the time. Animals are not thought as actual things with feelings a lot of the time and I think that’s wrong. Animals do have feelings ...
the acid was at 14 C the magnesium took 141 seconds to react and 27 C
... of drugs that are tested and are effective on animals, fail in human clinical trials because they are too much of a risk or do not work. However, scientists would never even have the opportunity to try to find new medicines if they could not test them on animals. Sometimes, medicines will fail, but it is better than not trying to find cures at all. Animal testing is still better than no testing at all, even if few animals are harmed.
Testing on animals cannot accurately predict what will work in humans. Medical breakthroughs have, in fact, happened without the use of animal testing. For every 5,000 tests used in labs, only a handful are ever deemed to be safe enough to be used in humans. Of the few that
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
Animal tests are more expensive than alternative methods and are a waste of government research dollars. The government can be using money in different places, but choose to use it on killing innocent animals. The Humane Society International compared a collection of different animal tests, and the cost difference of the alternative. Some examples are, an “unscheduled DNA synthesis” animal test cost $32,000, while the in vitro alternative costs $11,000. A “rat photo toxicity test” costs $11,500, whereas the non-animal equivalent costs $1,300. As said before, animal testing is only for the interest of humans, and we are spending unnecessary amounts of money when there are alternatives
Drugs that pass testing on animals may not be safe for humans. Animals are very different than we are, therefore we cannot rely on using them as subjects for the testing of drugs which would be administered to humans. And testing in animals does not accurately predict results in humans. "94% of drugs that pass animal tests fail in human clinical trials. According to neurologist Aysha Akhtar, MD, MPH, over 100 stroke drugs that were effective when tested on animals have failed in humans, and over 85 HIV vaccines failed in humans after working well in non-human primates." (Animal Testing-
With heating the solution, then adding the chips, I think it would be hard to keep the solution at a constant temperature. With the surface area variable I think that the experiment would be inaccurate because if you did the experiment twice with apparently the same sized chips, the results would be different because the chips would not have exactly the same surface area. I think that the catalyst experiment would not be as interesting and
Rate of Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Plan: In my experiment I will measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place so by measuring the rate I will measure the amount of time the reaction takes. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is found in digestive juices in the stomach, it is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone the main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things such as buildings. When you put calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid together they react to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
Animal testing is also dangerous. Animals and humans can react differently or indifferently to chemicals, because humans are different from animals in anatomy, phycology, and metabolism. One study conducted by the pharmace...
from 10cm to 50cm to make it easier to see the difference in a graph.
Investigating the Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
Conducting medical experiments on animals is a savage act and needs to be banned. It is cruel to the animals involved, it’s not always accurate, and with today’s technology we can create a better alternative. This act should be prohibited and substituted with synthetic subjects.
Animals have held an important spot in many of our lives. Some people look at animals as companions and others see them as a means of experimental research and medical advancement. With the interest to gain knowledge, physicians have dissected animals. The ethics of animal testing have always been questioned because humans do not want to think of animals on the same level as humans. Incapable of our thinking and unable to speak, animals do not deserve to be tested on by products and be conducted in experiments for our scientific improvement. Experimentation on animals is cruel, unfair, and does not have enough beneficial results to consider it essential.