Rate of Reaction Experiment - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid To investigate the effect, of changing the concentration of a reactant, in a chemical reaction on it rate. The equation used for the experiment was: Sodium + Hydrochloric Sulphur + Sulphur + Sodium + water Thiosulphate acid dioxide chloride Na2S2O3 + 2HCl(aq) S(s) + SO(g) + NaCL(aq) + H2O The Collision Theory can explain reaction rates perfectly. A chemical reaction can only occur between particle when they hit or collide at a minimal amount of energy need for them to react this is called the activation energy. The rates of a reaction depends on how hard and often the reacting particles collide. Basically, particles have to collide in order to react 1) They must also collide hard enough to give a reaction. 2) Pressure can also affect reaction rates between gases, an increase in pressure pushes the molecules closer together making them collide more often, which in turn increases the reaction rate. 3) A presence of a Catalyst could affect the result, as it is a substance that alters the rate of the reaction. without itself appearing in the final result. When a solution becomes more concentrated it means there are more particles of reactant knocking between the water molecules, this means collisions between important particles more likely. In a gas, increasing the pressure means the molecules are more squashed together, there will then be lots more collisions. Higher temperature also increases the energy of the collisions, it makes particles move faster. Faster collisions can only b caused by increasing the temperature. enzymeThis is shown in the diagram opposite. The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution and activation energy For a reaction to take place particles have got to collide with energies greater than or equal to the activation energy for the reaction, this can be marked on Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution. I have chosen to investigate the effect concentration has on a reaction. I chose this because it is the easier to prepare and will provide the most accurate set of results. Equipment --------- Hydrochloric acid (5cm3) Sodium thiosulphate Paper with black cross on Conical flasks Goggles Water Pipette Measuring cylinder Method To provide fair accurate results it is important to ensure that the same printed cross is used for each experiment. In this the experiment the amount of Sodium Thiosulphate is varied each time in comparison to the amount of water used, the solution will always add up to 45cm3. There will always be 5cm3 of hydrochloric acid used. The experiment was performed at room temperature as this made the experiment easy to perform, as no heating or cooling devises were necessary.
Animals should not be used as test subjects for any research. The innocent and helpless animals’ rights are being violated when they are involved during animal experimentation. These unfortunate animals do not have a choice whether or not they want to be involved in testing. They are not intended for people to experiment on for their own selfish reasons. It is not right to take advantage of the animals because they are helpless and cannot protect themselves. Animals and humans have similarities; they both behave, feel, think, and experience pain. Therefore, animals should be treated with the same respect as humans. The pain and suffering an animal is forced to endure is not worth any new product. It is cruel and inhumane to take advantage of an innocent animal. These tests that use animals to ensure the safety of products are extremely common without people even knowing about it. It is not fair to these animals to abuse their beauty. They are helpless and cannot control what is happening to them. Animal experimentation should be stopped because it violates the rights of animals and harms or even kills the animals.
Jane's intense character is first observed when Mrs. Reed warns the director of the Lowood school, " 'to guard against her [Jane's] worst fault, a tendency to deceit' " (41). Later, Jane tells Mrs. Reed she is not a deceitful child an...
Medical testing on animals is considered animal cruelty and is unnecessary. "Many animals are used in scientific and medical research. They often undergo cruel methods of testing and suffer greatly as a result." (Animal Experimentation: Cruel and Unnecessary) Opponents of animal testing say that it is cruel and inhumane to experiment on animals, that alternative methods available to researchers can replace animal testing, and that animals are so different from human beings that reserch on animals often yields irrelevant results. Innocent animals are tested on every year. Some are experimented on and are then killed after their use, while others, are kept alive and are kept in captivity. In more than 1,000 laboratories across the country, monkeys are addicted to drugs, cats are deafened and have holes drilled into their skulls, sheep and pigs have their skin burned off, and rats have their spinal cords crushed. Tiny mice are made to grow tumors, nearly as big as their own bodies, kittens are purposely blinded and rats are made to suffer seizures. Dogs are intentionally poised with experimented drugs, chimpanzees are infected with debilitating diseases and rabbits have grotesque devices implan...
The way I look at animal testing is a form hateful cruelty. None of these people care about if it hurts or kills the animals. The cruelty has been going on long enough and I think it is time to stop. What people do not know is that animal’s react a different way to drugs as humans do, so scientist cannot apply the results to humans. Many animals go through screaming, unbearable, horrific; you cannot even imagine pain when they go through test for products that you use every day such as: Cosmetics, Household Products, Medical Products, even Iams dog products. Some well-known animals that are use for testing are: cats, dogs, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, sheep, llamas, cattle, owls, deer, monkeys and other primates. These are not, by any means, all of the animals that they use. These are just the most common ("Animal Rights: Animal Testing"). Animals cannot tell you that something hurts, but they can scream to let the scientist know, but none of them care that it hurts them so bad. Some scientist do not see that countless animals suffer and die, or that it is just plain wrong. These animals suffer, feel pain, hurt and want to live as we do. These companies have burned the skin off some animals, mutilated some bunnies’ ears, poisoned the mice, punching puppies in the face, drip a substance in bunnies eyes, and the suffering and dying of these animals has gone on too long.
“Only when we have become nonviolent towards all life will we have learned to live well with others” (César Cháve). For hundreds of years, animals have been beaten, tortured, poked, and prodded to see how much pain they can endure and to see what experiments people can come up with will work. Scientists have used animals to test on for the creation of medicines and the chemicals that are put into those medicines; in addition, those medicines are used to find cures for diseases and to help out the human race. Companies have also used animals to test out experiments for the products they want to sell. Those companies need to see the effects that the product has on humans if the product is ingested or if it gets into a person’s eyes. Their scientific research on animals has caused quite the controversy in the past few decades. There are many negative outcomes and side effects of testing on
To add to this, animal testing also shows that people, hurt and or kill animals with not much care. According to The US Department of Agriculture, (USDA), “in 2010 [about] 97,123 animals suffered pain during experiments” proving that, the same or even more animals die trying to save people from dying. The fact that the US Department of Agriculture even made this point true shows that animal testing is very harmful to the animals being tested on.With this evidence, it confirms that animal testing is not always the solution. Another set of data that shows this, talks about the lives of animals during the experiment. Reported by ProCon.org, this excerpt explains the “forced eating, inhaling and other actions” that the doctors put these animals through to receive a test result. Furthermore, in contrast to this side, many people are all for animal testing, or
We shouldn't have animal testing because it is cruel to innocent animals. Over one hundred million animals are crippled, poisoned, burned, and abused in U.S labs every year. They test products everyday on animals when they don't have to. Animals like dogs, cats, ferrets, rabbits, pigs, sheep,monkeys, chimpanzees, mice, rats, and birds are tested on but
Proponents who believe animal testing should not be banned argue that all animals are treated fairly. This isn’t true, animals are terribly treated and put and harsh conditions to solve human problems. Some include forced chemical exposure, intoxication testing, exposure to drugs and genetic manipulation. These practices aren’t ethical- they cause physical, mental, and emotional pain.
Another reason why animals should no longer be used as test subjects for human products is animals can be tested on and then the substance is never used for anything.It is unnecessary cruelty to those innocent animals. Animal abuse. On http://www.aboutanimaltesting.co.uk/using-animals-testing-pros-versus-cons.html The author says,”The unfortunate aspect is that many of these animals received tests for substances that will never actually see approval or public consumption and use. It is this aspect of animal testing that many view as a major negative against the practice, as it seems that the animal died in vain because no direct benefit to humans
from 10cm to 50cm to make it easier to see the difference in a graph.
Animals being used for testing is cruel and inhumane. From what you’ve heard about animal testing, let’s hope you know bad it is, and how it should be stopped. Animal testing may help humans but what if the animals that they use go extinct. Then no one can have them as a pet or just to look at. They are killing animals left and right. If you thinks animal testing is a good you might be heartless human
Animal testing should be stopped. We need to find an alternative method and stop using animals. Animals think and feel like humans do and they don’t have the same things as us so it could work on an animal and not work on a human. Someone has to be the first human to try it eventually so why not just test things on humans to be sure it works? We should not use animals.
The human and animal bodies do not share many similarities when predicting the outcome of reactions which does not come as a shock. In fact, “The anatomic, metabolic, and cellular differences between animals and people make animals poor models for human beings.” This should be a key factor in determining that animals should not be tested on but sadly it is not animals are still used in testing to this day. Animals are selfishly dying even when more methods that have been found. Now it’s no secret humans and animals are different so why must we continuously punish animals in order to make things better for us..
Animals don't have right like humans. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USPA) agreed to settle a lawsuit filed by a group that was seeking to expand the scope of the Animal Welfare Act of 1966. (Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers.) More than 95 percent of the animals used in laboratories are not subject to minimal protections by federal laws. Because they are not protected by the law. The only U.S. law that governs the use of animals in laboratories allows animals to be burned, shocked, poisoned, and human damage. 9 out of 10 drugs appear promising in animal studies go on fail in human clinical trials. The failure of testing. The United States still ranks 49th in the world in life expectancy and second worst in infant
Reactions occur when the particles of reactants collide together continuously. If they collide with sufficient energy, then they will react. The minimum amount of kinetic energy required for particles at the time of collision is called the activation energy and this theory is known as the ?collision theory?.