Raewyn Connell’s journal article ‘The Northern Theory of Globalization’ (2007) demonstrates that our current understanding of globalisation is limited to a ‘Northern’ theory as it has predominantly been cultivated from a metropolitan standing point, thus proving somewhat paradoxical as the concept of globalisation is one, Connell feels (2007:368), who’s focus is on the ‘world-as-a-whole’. This is evident as Connell (2007:368) states in his opening that ‘If we want a genuinely global analysis of globalization we must reconstruct sociological theory as a markedly more inclusive dialogue.’ Connell divulges into this field by examining first the rising of the theory of globalisation and the historicity that surrounds it, secondly the current theories regarding globalisation and the antimonies within them and then present …show more content…
During the 1800’s sociology began by taking a global approach. The world was full of data, as people were the scope of the research, the results/fields of study seemingly limitless (Connell:2007:369). Soon sociology moved from historical approach of the primitive societies to a discipline, ‘studying its immediate surroundings’ (Connell:2007:369), less of a global tactic to more of a local one. During the 40’s-70’s geographical boundaries were starting to be associated with societal boundaries, for example ‘Australian Society’ (Connell:2007:369). In 1974 Wallerstein pointed out the global context of these ideologies. By the 1980’s, Connell claims, that the term globalisation was coined by ‘business journalists and management theorist’ (2007:370). Sociologists picked up the term and two directions of globalisation surfaced; economical and societal approaches. Globalisation was soon recognised as factual and it wasn’t until ‘Bartelson (2000) rightly called attention to this as a problem’ (Connell:2007:370). This created a new debate of globalisation vs.
Beck, U. 2007. ‘Beyond Class and Nation: Reframing social inequalities in a globalizing world’. The British Journal of Sociology. 58(4). Pp 679-705.
Macionis, J and Plummer, K (2005). Sociology A global Introduction. 3rd ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. p.436.
“However, to develop our sociological vision we must do just that: We must be willing to look at our own society with cool detachment, careful observation, and scientific analysis. We must examine the groups we live in- our family, our neighbours, our classmates, our nation- as if we had just set foot in a new and strange land.” (Goode, 1977, P. 3)
To begin, this critical response paper will provide a detailed explanation for the significant merit of globalization in context with work or services implementing the dominant western society of the world from other countries that have fewer resources compared to the first world countries. According to Ravelli and Webber (2015) in the textbook “Exploring Sociology,” Globalization initially emerged from Europe when the booming economic industries prepared colonies to transport cheap materials from global south countries to incorporate them with their own resources. This is known as eurocentrism and the help of European globalization has affected the working class or the bourgeois class in the entire world. Furthermore, globalization refers
When the term “Globalization” is discussed, most academics, scholars, professionals and intellectuals attempt to define and interpret it in a summarized fashion. My main concern with this approach is that one cannot and should not define a process that altered decades of history and continues to, in less than 30 words. Global Shift is a book with remarkable insight. Peter Dicken rather than attempting to define the commonly misused word, explains Globalization in a clear and logical fashion, which interconnects numerous views. Dicken takes full advantage of his position to write and identify the imperative changes of political, economic, social, and technological dimensions of globalization.
In this essay I will give a detailed explanation of what sociologists mean by the term ‘globalisation’ and how they have tried to explain it.
Globalization is a broad concept and the angle taken to define it can lead us to interpret the idea in many different ways. There is much controversy about what globalization actually means and many definitions fail to encompass social, cultural and technological exchanges between world systems. John Pilger suggests that "it is a jargon term which journalists and politicians have made fashionable which is often used in a positive sense to denote a 'Global village' of free trade, hi-tech marvels and all kinds of possibilities that transcend class, historical experience and ideology." (J.Pilger 1998:63). Taking a broader point of view, Bilton et al defines globalization as "The process whereby political, social, economic and cultural relations increasingly take on a global scale, and which has profound consequences for individuals, local experiences and everyday lives."
Globalization remains a pivotal topic in many schools of thought, and continues being a topic of controversy even in local economies today. Perhaps the reason for this is integration and competitiveness the world over. Conceivably, even more than integration, is the competitiveness of organizations, has possibly facilitating the fascination and misconception about of globalization. Nevertheless, globalization has brought about a number of effects influencing the design and geographical location of the organization. However, globalization has effectively placed the world in a bubble, or maybe one could equate the changes to being placed in an envelope.
After the cold war, word ‘globalization’ was commonly used at a time of unprecedented interconnectedness when advanced nations experienced a ruthless development by exploiting energy resources and stressing culture forms in developing countries. To identify the definition of ‘globalization’, it is significant to clarify its appearance as well as implication.
Fulcher, J. and Scott, J. (2003) Sociology, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Giddens, A. (1992) Human Societies: A reader, Polity Press: Cambridge. Giddens, A., ed., pp. 113-117.
Globalization is defined as “the historical process involving a fundamental shift or transformation in the spatial scale of human social organization that links distant communities and expands the reach of power relations across regions and continents (Baylis, 2014).”
Globalization can be explained in economic and sociological contexts. Malcolm Waters, in his book– ‘Globalization’ writes that “Globalization is a social process in which the constraints of geography on economic, political, social and cultural arrangements recede, in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding and in which people act accordingly.” Whereas, Nobel laureate and economist Joseph Stiglitz in his book ‘Globalization and Its Discontents’ says that ”Globalization is the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world ...brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders." However, according to Jon Aart Scholte- an authority on the subject- globalization as a process is ‘deterritorialization’; i.e., under the conditions of the process of globalization, territories- geographical boundaries have transgressed and have become extraneous to human relations. For instance, employees of a call-centre in Noida can sell insurance schemes to a resident of New York. Malcolm Waters based on the different forms of human exchange proposed a ‘Globalization Theorem.’ The theorem states that-“Material exchanges localize; political exchanges internationalize; and symbolic exchanges globalize.” Material exchange refers...
Today's world is full of problems present on an international scale. Yet, differences amongst states compel them to eschew cooperation. The division between the global North and South is the greatest challenge to global governance. The contrast in economic welfare, political stability, and culture among states creates many dilemmas for the international community. The economic differences between highly developed economies and the rest of the world deters cooperation. In addition, social differences between North and South create cultural clashes that breed violence, and adds difficulty to forming international norms. Moreover, the political weakness of some states in the global South create security dilemmas and keep global governance initiatives away from success. The international order is skewed in favour of the global North and serves to empower them. However, international leaders can solve these issues by promoting global equity. In order for global governance to achieve its fullest potential, the world must first address the inequality of states.
Globalisation is a very complex term with various definitions, in business terms, “globalization describes the increasingly global nature of markets, the tendency for transnational businesses to configure their business activities on a worldwide basis, and to co-ordinate and integrate their strategies and operations across national boundaries” (Stonehouse, Campbell, Hamill and Purdie, 2004, p. 5).
Larsson, Thomas. The Race to the Top: The Real Story of Globalization. Cato Institute, 2001.