Radio Frequency Weapons and the Next Phase of Terrorism
Abstract: This paper examines different types of radio frequency ("RF") weapons that are currently being developed. It discusses the different types of weapons that currently exist, explains why they would be useful to terrorists, and explores different ways to defend against them.
Recent media articles have put forth the idea of the "RF weapon," something that has been described as if it were a magical gun that can bring the United States to its knees. While these weapons do exist, the threat they pose is far less widespread and dangerous than articles such as "RF Weapons Attacking Our Freedom?" propose. Having said that, however, the threat is real, and steps need to be taken to defend against RF weaponry.
One of the first distinctions that should be drawn in this discussion is that between RF weapons and EMP weapons. An EMP (electromagnetic pulse) is usually employed by detonating a thermonuclear devices at high altitudes (500 miles or more) above the Earth. The resulting electromagnetic pulse cripples any electronic equipment within its path. Thus, one nuclear device can be used to cripple the modern infrastructure of an entire nation [1]. An RF device is effective over a much smaller range, but it can cause just as much damage [2].
According to David Shriner, a former military engineer and expert on RF technology, there are a number of different types of RF weapons, which are also referred to as High Powered Microwave (HPM) weapons. The first type is the conventional RF weapon, which sends out a concentrated band of radio waves toward a target. These radio waves act in a way similar to the waves inside a normal microwave oven; given a sufficient amount of power, they can be used to heat and damage electronic equipment operating at the same frequency. Because of this need to match frequency with the target, conventional RF weapons require prior research and intelligence before they can be deployed effectively by terrorists [3].
A second, more insidious type of HPM weapon is what Shriner calls the Transient Electromagnetic Device (TED). Instead of producing a sine wave at a particular frequency (as conventional RF devices do), the TED creates a sudden spike of energy that can last as little as 100 picoseconds (the amount of time it takes light to travel about 1.
In Desert Shield and Desert Storm, Iraqi forces fired 93 Scud missiles at coalition forces in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Israel. (Rostker) Air Defense Artillery (ADA) played an immensely significant role in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm with units from 11th Brigade Air Defense Artillery and the 32d Air Defense Command rapidly deploying into theater. The effectiveness of the units and their roles in fighting this war proved that Air Defense Artillery was critical to the success of the campaign. Although Patriot Batteries placed strategically throughout Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Israel played a tremendous tactical role in these wars, High-Medium Air Defense (HIMAD) was not the only type of surface to air missile system in place to protect ground forces and valuable military assets. Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) units also deployed with the air defense units. These weapon systems, integrated with ground forces, provided air defense to dominate against aircraft and Tactical Ballistic Missiles (TBM) on the front lines.
8 Galum, John, Joshua Shakon and Tan Mau Wu. “National Missile Defense – A CS91 Final Project.” < http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~eroberts/cs91/projects/national-missile-defense/index.html>
...Suzy. Remote Weaponry: The Ethical Implications. Vol. 25. N.A.: Society For Applied Philosophy, 2008. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. .
Ellis Island was used as a inspection center for immigrants for over 60 years. The process they used to get immigrants into the United States was asking basic questions like money on them, name and occupation. There was also a medical procedure to get by Ellis Island, Ellis Island closed its immigration process in 1954.
...sponsored terrorists, as well as from nuclear-capable countries, it is necessary that we have the ability to stop whatever comes our way and save the lives of thousands, if not millions, of American citizens. To do so, it was important that the new administration under George W. Bush take action to further our research and development in the area of anti-ballistic missile defense systems.
Ring, Ray. “Guns R Us.” High Country News (Paonia, Co) Vol. 39, No. 14 Aug. 6 2007:10-17. Sirs Issues Researcher. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
Filial therapy is defined as play-based treatment approach, which models how to engage with young children in therapy using structure (Topham & Vanfleet, 2011). Filial therapy engages all children in the family, and it can be used to treat a variety of different problems. To engage in Filial Therapy parents are taught how to apply skills in order to maximize their children’s abilities in play to develop, heal from traumatic experiences, and grow (Topham & Vanfleet, 2011). While engaging in Filial Therapy parents learn to use new parenting behaviors that are healthier in promoting child
The purpose of this paper is to explain how virtual reality is used in everyday life. It is used in many ways in today's society. Several people immediately think of video games or entertainment when they hear virtual reality. Virtual reality is not only used for entertainment purposes but it is also used for medical and educational purposes. It can help people overcome their fears, deal with and treat social anxiety, and it can also be a helpful teaching tool to connect students and teachers in long-distance learning.
[5] S. E. Sarma, S. A. Weis, and D.W. Engels. Radio-frequency-identification security risks and challenges. CryptoBytes, 6(1), 2003.
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