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Essay about prevention of rabies
Rabies research article
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Rabies, it kills 30-70 thousand people each year around the world (CDC). 40,000 people are treated for it each year in the United States alone (CDC). Carried by rabid animals, this viral infection poses a threat to animal lovers alike. The primary problem of rabies is prevention, the effects are severe, and the causes are many.
The virus is spread by animals. Warm blooded animals are required to transmit the virus and the disease is almost always fatal (CDC). It is passed through saliva from the host to the victim also through mucous membranes like the eyes or nose. Yet the most common ways of transition is through a bite with the virus containing saliva. The main animals that hold the virus are: skunk, fox, bat, raccoon, and the coyote (CDC). These wild animals account for 93% of the cases in the United States. The raccoon still leads as the major carrier and the animal is domestic in the Eastern United States. The skunk is native to the inland states, parts of Texas to Montana and all the way to Wyoming. The fox and the coyote are both native to the Mid Southern US, and the fox is also spotted in Alaska along the coast. Although not heard of lately, bats are a big carrier of the virus. They are common in most of the states except Hawaii (WebMD.com). The bats have also spread though out the world, and most recently in Australia. Australia was once free of rabies until rabid bats were found there recently (Mayo Clinic Proceedings). The virus can also be spread to domesticated animals, and most cases are reported in the summer and fall months. The three major domesticated animals are: cats, dogs, and cattle.
The symptoms in humans are flu-like symptoms, anything ranging from fever to headache. After a few days after exposure, the human will experience the symptoms of clinical rabies: anxiety, confusion, agitation, hallucinations, and also insomnia (CDC). These symptoms may last two to ten days. Once the clinical symptoms have appeared the fatality rate is very high. To date, there have only been six cases of survival from the clinical stage of rabies (CDC). Incubation period ranges form ten days to one year, but the average is 20 days. Also bites closer to the brain will progress faster and bites in the lower appendages will take longer to spread (Mayo Clinic Proceedings).
[1, 4, 5, 9, 13] There have been no documented cases where a human has contracted the disease from another human. [4] It appears, based on field and lab data, that infection requires direct contact with the virus through means such as contact with infective bodily secretions, urine, or tissues. [12] It is unknown to scientists how the virus can be maintained in the bat populations and avoids extinction as the host species becomes immune to its presence. [14] The incubation period from time of infection to the onset of symptoms is about 5-14 days in experimentally induced animals [4] and 8-14 days in natural field cases.
F tularensis as a bacterium has a large array of sources from which it can be transmitted. As mentioned these include water, mud and decaying animal carcasses(Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, 2013). Additional sources include small mammals such as; rabbits, hares, muskrats and other such creatures(##). Small mammals such as
It was illegal shipped from Africa on a boat in September first by Jimbo Scott. The virus was found in Boston, San Jose, New Mexico, but killed the most in Cedar Creek.
Almost 2,000 died the night of the 1928 storm in Florida. Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston realistically depicts the Okeechobee hurricane that struck the coast of South Florida. The incredulous, category four storm produced winds as high as 150 mph and flood waters of up to eight feet. Hurston describes their heart wrenching experience throughout the end of the novel when Janie, the protagonist of the story, survives the devastating hurricane with her husband, Tea Cake. The book shows similarities between the overflow of Lake Okeechobee and the specific weather conditions of the hurricane, but differs regarding the aftermath of the storm.
this is the prepatent period. The worms then reside in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels. The worms begin to mate and release microfilaria into the blood stream. When a mosquito bites an infected dog it takes in some of the microfilaria in the blood. After 10 to 30 days there is larvae in the mosquito’s salivary gland which can then be passed on to the next dog the mosquito bites.
Without treatment the affected cattle may die in three to ten days and even so the mortality rate it sixty percent. In order to treat these animals they must be tranquilized. Penicillin or another antibiotic must be administered to halt bacterial multiplication and production on toxins. (Thomas et. al, 2009) Since the animals muscles will be in spasm and very rigid they will be unable to eat or drink, treatment must also include means of supportive care. This may be accomplished by giving intravenous fluids or force feeding via stomach tube. The supportive treatment must be maintained until the signs of muscle spasms have diminished and the animal regains control over its body. This may take as long as one to four weeks. (Thomas et. al, 2009)
Rabies, literally meaning “furious” in Latin, is commonly known throughout the ages for its terrifying effects on both humans and animals alike. Because the disease is fatal, people throughout the world have put greatest effort to find ways of controlling and preventing the disease. Natural remedies and protection amulets were used until Pasteur’s discovery of the vaccine. Based on those findings, people have altered techniques to make the vaccine. However, recently, there have been two particular cases concerning rabies. One woman survived the disease by an induced coma without receiving the vaccine. Another case a common organ donor infected with rabies killed all the recipients. These medical mysterious surprised many scientist even today.
Rabies is a deadly virus that occurs in the brain. It can affect all mammals but the ones that are most commonly found with the virus are dogs, bats, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes. This means that any non-mammal can not contract the virus, such as fish, birds, and reptiles (2). The virus can be contracted by humans with saliva transfer with broken skin contact from an animal which has the disease. As this is the most common form of transferring the disease it is very believable that Tea Cake contracts the virus from the wild dog that “managed to bite [him] high up on his cheek bone once” (1). The rabies virus works by being a bullet shaped virus that directly attacks th...
In some cases of rabies victims might not have bite marks showing they were bitten, But their actions show otherwise.The letter “Rabies Death Theory” says, “the virus can be incubated in human as long as a year”.This means someone can get bittenr in a year ago and wouldnt show symptoms until the virus get stronger or appears. This case Poe showed no signs of being physically bitten but his actions showed he had rabies.
Nocturnal animals like raccoons, typically come out to forage at night, so if they are found wandering during the day there may be a problem. Rabies can be transmitted to humans if you are exposed to the saliva or brain tissue. Of course, getting bit by a rabid animal can transmit the virus to
While bats are also carriers of rabies, this fatal disease can only be contracted through direct contact with the animal, rather than by droppings left behind. Histoplasmosis is a higher risk factor as it’s easier to come into contact with. It’s important that homeowners don’t allow bat guano to build up in the home.
The doctor was completely bewildered. He was prepared to diagnose him with the Rabies virus, but it was progressing too quickly. Along with that, he didn't appear to have any sign of transmission, no bites or scratches. He gave the man about 5 hours.
Louis Pasteur improved upon Koch’s attempt to prevent anthrax by creating a vaccine. The vaccine would infect the animal with a weakened form of anthrax to help the animal fight it off and become immune to the disease. He concluded: “Once a cow has anthrax, but gets better from it, all the anthrax microbes in the world cannot give her another attack—she is immune.” Louis Pasteur was also the scientist who prevented the dreaded disease in dogs. His approach to get further information about this disease was by infecting various animals with a weakened version of rabies to study the site and cause of infection. He learned how to infect a dog with rabies by grounding up the brain of a dog dead from rabies. Two weeks later, the dog acted mad and fell dead soon after. When the rabies continued growing inside the dog’s dead brain, Pasteur had continued this process with multiple dogs, hoping for a dog to survive the rabies to be able to study it. When one day a dog infected by rabies came by Pasteur and Roux in the dark and miraculously got better. He again attempted to create a weaker version of rabies from the dog in order to vaccinate animals again. After created the dogs he had infected with the vaccine recovered from the virus after 14 injections. He had died in 1895, but his studies were complete, as rabies was no longer a problem. Although there may have been
Allot of animals can give you rabies but the household cat or dog has been treated with all the required shots for getting rid of any disease you might get from them. There are at least eight different diseases people could get from an Exotic animal. The back and forth trading of animals being shifted around and taken all over the world can and has spread diseases. People are taking animals that have been in the wild there whole lives and putting them in an artificial environment, and you wonder what is going through that animal's mind right then. When an animal is under pressure or backed into a corner and taking under there will I would expect resistance, and that can fall under the category danger. “by some estimates - trade in exotic pets has dangerous consequences for man and beast alike” (Louis Theroux). Danger and sickness don’t go well together.It’s like a venomous snake if a person tries to pick it up it may bite him/her, and they are most likely going to the