ROCKS

Review of Literature
I. Introduction to Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks have been around for millions of years. They are what has shaped this earth and what have made it our home. Sedimentary rocks are made up of the accumulation of sediments. They are formed through a five step cycle known as the rock cycle. Through this cycle the rocks are formed and altered from being sediments to becoming sedimentary rocks.
In this process the first step is weathering. Weathering is the process of transforming solid rock into smaller fragments or dissolved ions by physical and chemical weathering. The two types of weathering are physical and chemical weathering. Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rocks by chemical agents. There are factors that effect the rate of chemical weathering. They include composition, particle size and the climate. Physical weathering is the process that breaks rocks apart without changing their physical composition. Physical weathering occur more often in places like mountains and hot deserts. There are two main types of physical weathering. Freeze-thaw which tends to occur when water collects in cracks, water begins to freeze and expands eventually breaking the rock apart. Exfoliation occurs when cracks begin to develop parallel to the land surface. This is a result of the reduction in pressure during uplift and erosion.
The next step is erosion. Erosion begins the transportation process by moving the weathered product from their original location. This can take place by mass wasting events such as landslide or rock falls, by running water, wind, or moving ice. Erosion involves the moving of solid material by transport agents.
After erosion is the transportation step. In transportation, s...

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...t a thicker, more porous limestone or sandstone, called reservoir rock. The movement in the Earth captured the oil and natural gas in the reservoir rocks between layers of imperable rock, or cap rock.
In conclusion Sedimentary rocks go through a five step process that changes them from sediments to sedimentary rocks. There are three classifications of sedimentary rocks, clastic, chemical, and organic. These rocks can form in two different environments Terrestrial (Non-Marine) and Marine. Their grain size and interrelationship between grains give sediments texture. To extract oil from rock layers deep within the earth many geologists use a method known as Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking). They use other methods but this is the most common. Lastly, the formation of oil takes place from the remains of plants and animals long ago also known as plankton.