RFID-Enabled Applications

RFID-enabled applications have grown at a tremendous rate and hence, it has been one of the major research interests from past few years. RFID, in-particular passive UHF RFID, has been used for a wide variety of applications ranging from the familiar access control to supply chain management, library item tracking, homeland security applications, toll collection, and in aviation industry. Its ability of attaching information to the real-world products cheaply and can be retrieved without requiring physical contact has been the primary reason for its wide range applications. It has been used to track, monitor, and manage items as they move between different physical locations. Although RFID has been proclaimed by many to be the next generation barcode, critical challenges like security and other technical concerns have hampered the global adoption of RFID. RFID faces many issues which have been summarized in [2,3]. The fundamental aspect of RFID that has truly hampered its adoption is the challenge of consistently reading the tags in the real world environment.

There are numerous methods which suggest different ways to improve the reading performance. Paper [4-6] suggests designing of RFID tag antenna by which effects of different materials around them (such as metal and water), as described in [7-10], can be decreased. Ideally, reading performance should not be affected by the tag orientation. But tag orientation has a considerable effect, especially when coupled with a filled package, as mentioned in [10]. Though it is impossible to change the orientation of a tag or pre-specify tag’s orientation, it is important to understand the implications of tag orientation. In [11], it has been observed experimentally that even 30 degrees...

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