21) Explain the rebellions in Massachusetts and New York after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.
In 1686, the former Duke of York combined New York, New Jersey and New England into the Dominion in order to facilitate the illegal trading activities. Sir Andros was appointed as governor. When King James II was still in power, he removed all the colonial legislative powers so that Andros could rule with absolute power. His rule was highly unpopular in Massachusetts and when the word of the Glorious Revolution reached Boston in 1688, a mob that had been organized by political officials arrested Andros and restored to their pre-dominion state. Uprisings also started in New York, where an angry mob seized Fort James and wanted to await the arrival of William and Mary in New York. This and the Massachusetts incident were part of the Leisler’s Rebellion. Leisler was elected as governor of New York from 1689-1691 after these series of unrest.
(22) Explain Peter Zenger’s trial and how it led to freedom of the press in the colonies.
Peter Zenger was an immigrant who had come to America from Germany to become an apprentice printer under the guidance of William Bradford. In 1733, New York Colonial Governor William Cosby prosecuted the acting governor Rip Van Dam and removed Chief Justice Lewis Morris from the courts. This controversy led to the political opposition of many groups. The people in favor of Cosby set up their own paper in defense. When he had become the editor for this New York Weekly Journal, he was accused of writing false information about some of the colonial officials. His papers were burned and he was put on trail charged with “seditious libel”. His lawyer Andrew Hamilton argued in defense that Zenger’s writings were not arbitrary defaming of Cosby unless they were false. After having proven them to be true, the judges reached the verdict of not guilty. His trail proved to be a victory for justifying the rights to press and speech. The right to the freedom of press was cited by the protesters against the Stamp Act.
(23) Explain the Salem Witch trials.
In the village of Salem, or present day Danver, Massachusetts, a group of girls were accused of practicing witchcraft as well as being possessed by the Devil. This controversy rose largely from the overly religious community. The irregular behavior of these girls convinced the leading Puritan pastor, Reverend Matther to begin a series of witch hunts.
In 1692 Salem, Massachusetts, a group of young women began to display erratic and unusual mental and physical behaviour. The manifestation of the unfamiliar symptoms, and Puritan 17th century ideology, initiated a yearning for rationalization for the behaviour. Therefore to explain their behaviour the young women accused the slave woman Tituba of practicing witchcraft and afflicting them. Thus began the Salem Witch Trials.
The American Revolution started in the year 1765, when the Colonists rejected the Parliament of Great Britain to tax them without representation and ended in 1783 with the peace treaty with Britain; Treaty of Paris. But a lot of major events occurred in the colonies before the American Revolution could be over and these events would result in series of social, political, and intellectual transformation in American history. In his book, The Minutemen and Their World, Robert Gross’s describes the lives of people in Concord, Massachusetts before, during and, after the American Revolution, where much of these events took place and changed the way of life people lived in Concord. He goes through a very brief detailed aspects of colonial life in
Horsmanden’s journal provides a wealth of information about eighteenth century New York if one is willing to analyze it critically and ignore the bias present in it. If one does this they catch fascinating glimpses of a divided world, one where people are partitioned by race, economic status, homeland and religion. A world filled with fear and suspicion caused by the tension inherent within such societal division. The same tensions that either gave rise to a massive conspiracy to destroy the town of New York or gave credence to a nightmare constructed by the minds of the people and fed by individuals’ self-serving nature. Regardless, eighteenth century New York was a troubled place and Horsmanden’s Journal of the Proceedings gives us a partial but valuable insight to the lives and interactions of colonial New York’s peoples.
...trol, the colonists started to realize how different they were from the British and how unfairly they were being treated. Colonists were treated with much violence and were really beginning to desire breaking away from the British. They began governing themselves even though they were committing treason in the eyes of the British.
The mistake that King George and the rest of Britain made was thinking that they could forever keep the colonies under their thumb. These were not the same colonists who came over as British citizens to set up forts. These men and women thought of themselves and American citizens and they did not need a government across the ocean telling them what to do. Ultimately, Britain lost control when they gave in to the colonists' boycotts and showed them that they had the power to run a country, and that Britain feared that power. Through Parliament's ruthless taxation without representation, restrictions upon what colonists had assumed were civil liberties and British military action, Britain and the colonists were thrown into a revolutionary war.
In his view, the girls were “under an evil hand” (Godbeer 2). Thus the quote from local Salem Village physician William Griggs in January of 1692, to start what became known as The Salem Witch Hunt and Trials. At the end of the seventeenth-century, the small village of Salem Massachusetts was predominantly Puritan and governed by Puritan laws. The Puritans were educated, middle class folk who were able to pay for themselves and their family’s way across the Atlantic.
The American revolution was a reaction to unfavorable tax policies from the King of England. When the King of England began to infringe on the colonists’ liberties, leaders inspired by the enlightenment grouped together to defend the rights of the American colonies. As Thomas Jefferson writes in the Declaration of Independence, “History of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries ad usurpations,
For a colony of the British government to rebel against the large, wealthy English country needed to take an extreme amount of resentment towards that group. The British themselves caused this resentment towards the English government. Act passes by the government caused this feeling; these acts began with the quartering acts of 1765. The quartering act of 1765 confirmed the colonist’s need for an independent, free nation because of subjugation of the colonists by the English government. This subjugation spurred a movement that ended in revolution.
Witchcraft has been present in many other religions, not only the Puritan religion. Witchcraft was also found in Catholic and Protestant parts of Europe. The Salem Witch Trials were smaller in comparison to those in Scotland, France, or Germany (Hall 3). Though the trials in Salem were smaller, people recognize the Salem Witch Trials as one of the worst times in American history (“Witch Madness” 4). The Puritans believed that the Devil was alive in their community (“Witch Madness” 2). The accusations started in February 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts when young Puritan girls were found using magic. The Salem Witch Trials began when Betty Paris, Abigail Williams, and some of their friends began to act strange with odd fits (Hall 1). Because many mental and emotional disorders were not understood, the people of Salem believed it was the work of witchcraft. When sickness or even misfortune came, the most
The Salem Witch Trials took place in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692. At this time there appeared to be an outbreak of witches. This started when the children of the Goodwin family begin having mysterious fits. The doctors, not knowing what had happened to the children, blamed it on witchcraft. From that point on many people were accused of being a witch and were killed. This occurred for many different reasons; either they were hanged for their crimes, crushed by stones for refusing to stand trial on their cases, or from waiting in the jail for so long before their case came up. As people began to investigate the Salem Witch Trials further they came up with two explanations; either the people of Salem were begin acted through by the devil or
The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 and 1693 was a tragic set of events that took place in Salem, Massachusetts (Salem is now Danvers, Massachusetts.) It began with a “witchcraft craze” from 1300-1600 in Europe, when thousands of people were murdered, accused of performing witchcraft, the devil’s magic.
The Glorious revolution was a changing point in the course of history. It was the first revolution of its kind which led to many more like the American revolution. There were many similarities between the Glorious and American revolution, John Locke played a key role in both revolutions, and Locke’s ideas were mirrored in the Declaration of Independence.
1. The Proclamation of 1763 portrayed an example of a British action that brought forth change to the majority colonial viewpoint leading to the Revolutionary War (121). See, after the warlike situation between Britain and Pontiac’s tribe, the London government decided it was a good idea to create an act that basically gave the Native Indians some space – no American colonists were to go past the Appalachians (121). As you could imagine, this did not settle well with the colonists: why did they have to obey some British law? Consequently, a form of rebellion resulted as the colonists poured themselves onto the trail leading to where they were restricted from going (121).
The Salem Witch Trials began in the spring of 1692 in the small village of Salem, Massachusetts. The Salem Witch Trials began because some young girls claimed to be possessed by the devil. More than 150 people where accused to witchcraft, and twenty people died.The Salem Witch Trials were famous, many innocent people were accused of being witches, and many innocent people were killed.
Trials regarding the witchcraft began at the dawn of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, were said to be bewitched. Salem, a village that homes nearly 2,000 people, was surrounded by paranoia. Inhabitants were confined to their home during the winter