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Compare and contrast Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies
Comparing and contrasting qualitative research and quantitative
Compare and contrast Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies
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Introduction
To respond to this question the author concurs that qualitative and quantitative research are different in many fundamental ways (Abowitz & Toole, 2010) ranging from properties, collection and use of data collections methods, ways to analyse data to advantages and disadvantages (Zawawi, 2007; Saunders et al., 2009). The paper will analyse differences along philosophical lines taking into account some of the ongoing philosophical debates in social sciences (Weber, 2004) through to data collection and possibly data analysis (Smith et al., 91; Crotty, 98; Onwuegbeu et al, 2006).
However, the author disagrees with the statement that the two methods can never be used in the same research concurs with many researchers that the two
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Philosophical choices reflect the researcher’s view of what is reality, development and nature of acceptable knowledge (Crotty, 98), the role of the researcher’s values but also dictate how research will be conducted, how data will be collected and how data will be analysed (Green and Caracelli, 1997; Saunders et al., …show more content…
While research choices maybe informed by philosophical assumptions (Saunders et al., 2009), phenomena being studied or even context (Johns, 2006; Rousseau and Fried, 2001; Saunders et al., 2009), the researcher’s ability to articulate and defend such choices against possible alternatives is of critical importance (Johnson and Clarke,
__________. On the Study Methods of Our Time. Trs. Elio Gianturco. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.
This discussion focuses on two issues: the relationship between evidence and hypotheses; and, the role of "contextual" values in inquiry. Longino contrasts contextual values with constitutive values. The latter, the "values generated from an understanding of the goals of scientific inquiry," "are the source of the rules determining what constitutes acceptable scientific practice or scientific method" (L1990, 4). That these values influence inquiry is not a problem. But the former, "personal, social, and cultural values," are thought to threaten the integrity of scientific inquiry (L1990, 4-5).
Research philosophies is a framework by which the research problem should be fundamentally approached, there are four major research philosophies positivism, interpretivism/constructivism, realism and pragmatism (Davies, 2007). Positivism is a philosophical trend in the methodology of science, defining the only source of true, actual knowledge of empirical research and denies cognitive value of philosophical inquiry. According to the positivist philosophy, methodology is not related to the essence of knowledge about the real world, but rather has to do with the operations by which knowledge is constructed. The essential reasoning behind positivism is that, all truthful learning depends on the positive data assembled from noticeable experience, and that any thought past this domain of self evident actuality is powerful. Just explanatory proclamations are permitted to be known as valid, through reason alone (Davies 2007).
The type of research conducted often depends on the epistemology of the researcher. Epistemology is considered the justification of knowledge; it is about the relationship between the researcher, knowledge, and how knowledge is created (Carter...
John Barry’s piece explores that science is more than the outcome of an experiment but rather the questions asked in the process. Through many different types of rhetorical strategies, he addresses the need to be uncertain to be a successful scientist.
Research is rendered as a tool to provide people with information and used to coincide with experimentation. “Basic research aims to expand the knowledge by formulating, evaluating, or expanding a theory” (Neutens, 2014), and
Research can be quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is objective and involves measuring the phenomena under investigation. Qualitative research is subjective, explores experiences and feelings, and involves the recording of phenomena that cannot easily be quantified (Toates, 2010, pp. 5-6). Both are empirical since they involve data collection (OU, n.d.).
Quantitative research may be seen as the less contentious of the two because it is more closely aligned with what is viewed as the classical scientific paradigm. Quantitative research involves gathering data that is absolute, for example numerical data so that it can be examined as unbiased as possible. The main idea behind quantitative research is that it is able to separate things easily so that they can be counted. The researcher generally has a clear idea of what is being measured before they start measuring it, and their study is set up with controls. Qualitative research on the other hand is a more subjective form of research, in which the research allows themselves to introduce their own bias to help form a more complete picture. Qualitative research may be necessary in situations where it is unclear of what is exactly being looked for in a study, while quantitative research generally knows exactly what it is looking for. Questionnaires and surveys are quantitative socio-legal research, because it is the collection of numerical data, or data that can be easily being turned into a numerical form. In terms of analysing quantitative data, Excel is the b...
Qualitative research is one in which the researcher searchers for qualities in which cannot be reduced to values displayed numerically, with the aims of examining a multiplicity of nuances and complexities of a particular phenomenon under study (Leedy & Ormrod, 2013). Within this approach of qualitative research methodology, there are several observational methods of which can serve as both meaningful and beneficial towards any research study.
Yet, to conduct any research project, one of the decisions researchers need to make is how they intend to gather their evidence (Sarantakos, 2005) and an important consideration at this stage relate to whether or not this will entail qualitative or quantitative approach or in some cases a mixture between the two. Consequently, as researchers, it is essential to ask ourselves key questions which could help
We believe it is clear that both qualitative and quantitative research have many benefits and many costs. In some situations the qualitative approach will be more appropriate; in other situations the quantitative approach will be more appropriate.
Qualitative methodology can be defined as a study that analyzes meanings and themes that the research has either observed or evaluated from a given situation (Jacobsen, 2012). Data is not translated i...
Ever wonder how the world would be today only if our great researchers implemented a different attitude towards their experiments? It is possible that the results would remain same. However, some argue that the consequences may be altered. Nonetheless, this does not make the earlier learned knowledge valued less or false, just supplementary. Abraham Maslow’s theory challenges nearly all ways of knowing, suggesting that if we limit our thinking, the outcomes remain homogenous, therefore, limiting the amount of knowledge we acquire. Dilemmas are mentioned in order to repudiate from the opinions that are profoundly accepted in the society. If Newton had eaten that apple, instead of using it as a tool to apply the theory of attraction, he may not have exposed gravity. Because he had more tools than a mere hammer and he was sagacious enough to expand his philosophy beyond hunger, he made such an innovation. It is widely claimed that inventions are accidental. In fact, all the chemical elements in the famous periodic table are a result of different tactics towards scientist’s research. As ToK teaches us that there is no possible end to a situation for it is influenced by the perceptive skills of the arguers. There is never a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ or the ‘ultimate answer’ in the conflict, but the eminence of rationalization is what poises the deliberation. This suggestion explains that there is always that one more way to approach the conclusion. Thus, pursuit of knowledge habitually requires dissimilar ways of knowing for it lengthens the verdict.
Before a resolution or explanation of a concrete problem, a research problem has to be established. Certainly, unraveling and explaining the problem of the research does not necessarily resolve or answer the problem. A research problem does not necessarily change something in the real world once the problem is solved; instead, resolving the research problem permits the researcher to discover more ab...
Research philosophy, refers to the development of knowledge adopted by the researchers in their research (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In other words, it is the theory that used to direct the researcher for conducting the procedure of research design, research strategy, questionnaire design and sampling (Malhotra, 2009). It is very important to have a clear understanding of the research philosophy so that we could examine the assumptions about the way we view the world, which are contained in the research philosophy we choose, knowing that whether they are appropriate or not (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), three major ways of thinking about research philosophy are examined: ontology, epistemology and axiology. Each of them carries significant differences which will have an impact on the way we consider the research procedures. Ontology, “is concerned with nature of reality”, while epistemology “concerns what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study and axiology “studies judgements about value” (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p110, p112, p116). This study is intent on creating some “facts” from objective evaluations which are made by the subjects. Therefore, epistemology will be chosen for this study as the way of thinking about the research philosophy.