I. Known Scales and Instruments
Nominal and Operational Definition
Quality of life refers to individual’s subjective evaluation of the degree to which his or her most important needs, goals and wishes have been fulfilled (Frisch, Cornell, Villanueva and Retzlaff, 1992). Along with negative and positive affect, these features are seen as part of the broader construct of subjective well being and happiness. There have been established links between anxiety, depression, alcohol use, physiological and somatic disorders and the quality of life as defined by the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI). While the Department of Defense has also found links to financial wellness and quality of life when examining Financial Literacy programs developed my large companies, there are no studies to indicate an increase in quality of life of Service Enriched Housing residents. Measuring quality of life in relation to Financial Literacy programs is a new and exciting avenue of research which may non-profits, management companies and even community banks.
Life satisfaction, well being, positive psychology and positive well-being, all facets of Quality of Life, will be measured with the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI). These areas are nominally defined with a Likert type scale. The test is divided into 32 questions. Questions measure both satisfaction and importance. Importance is rated on a 3 point Likert scale with a 0 representing not at all satisfied and 3 indicating very satisfied. On the other hand, importance is measured on a 6 point scale with -3 indicating very dissatisfied and 3 indicating very satisfied. These scales reflect the assumption that a person’s overall life satisfaction is a composite of the satisfactions in particular are...
... middle of paper ...
...edition), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Frisch, M., Cornell, J., Villanueva, M., Retzlaff, P. (1992) Clinical validation of the Quality of Life Inventory:
A measure of life satisfaction for use with treatment planning and outcome, Psychological Assessment, 4, 92-101, doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.92.
Frisch, M., Rouse, S., Rudd, M., Paweleck, J, Greenstone, A., Kopplin, D. (2005) Predictive and treatment validity of life satisfaction and the Quality of Life Inventory, Assessment, 12, 66-78, doi: 10.1177/1073191104268006.
Gladis, M, Gosch, E., Dishunk, N., Crits-Christoph P (1999) Quality of life: Expanding the scope of clinical significance, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 320-331, doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.67.3.320.
Reason, J. (2000) Human error: Models and management, British Medical Journal, 320, 768-770, doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7237.768
Taking the following questionnaire: Satisfaction with Life Scale, Approaches to Happiness Scale, and Authentic Happiness Inventory, helped me evaluate my life. Many times due to circumstance we forget in what positon our life is standing at the moment. We forget how much we have accomplished in the past and how much we have invested to make our future a good one. For the Satisfaction with life scale, I score a 33(love their life and feel that everything is going very well). People may might say well she is living a perfect life, but to be honest is not that is being perfect, is that one day years ago I made a decision of not letting anything take away what I have worked hard for. According to Earl & Carol Diener, because positive moods energize approach tendencies, it desirable that people on average be in a positive mood (1996). If I make a mistake, which is possible because am human, what I do is learn from it. It’s like what the Apostol from the church I go to says” you control life, not life controlling you.”
Levels and definitions of subjective wellbeing differ from person to person, country to country and from culture to culture. It is extremely hard to pinpoint how many and what demographic factors influence subjective wellbeing across the general population as a whole. Though we cannot, given these differences, confirm how much and to what extent our subjective wellbeing is determined by biological factors, we can deduce that a portion is built due to external, non-genetic
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II. Retrieved August 18, 2011from EBSCOhost.
Zung, W. W. K., (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 12:63-70.[Duke Univ. Med. Ctr., Dept. Psychiatry, Durham, NC]
Mental wellness is more than the mere absence of mental illness. Mental wellness encompasses positive affect, life satisfaction, psychological and social well-being. (Mitchell, 2011) Seligman postulates that happiness is determined by a combination of set range(50%), intentional activities(40%) and circumstances(10%). (Mitchell, 2011) This show that Amanda can increase her happiness intentionally by as much as 40%. Activity like keeping a gratitude journal can promote happiness. The habit could again be encourage with motivational interviewing (Rollnick and Miller, 1995) and SMART goal
Wellbeing was first discussed as authentic happiness by Seligman. In the concept of authentic happiness he discussed the components of positive emotions, meaning in life and engagement. He had described these components to be very much essential in bringing in authentic happiness which he called as wellbeing. It takes the shape of subjective wellbeing, when it becomes subjective to a person’s experience alone. The concrete aspects of health and wealth may stay away from this, when a person’s subjectivity is concerned (Kammann, 1983). Over the years as we see in other studies, this concept has changed to subjective wellbeing being defined on the basis of all the areas of life, wherein the objective factors of wealth and health, and
MLA: Wallis, Claudia, et al. “The New Science of Happiness.” Time. 17 Jan. 2005. Academic Search Premier. Yale University Library. 11 Jan. 2006.
and subjective well-being: Big five correlates and demographic variables. Personality and Individual Differences,38(7), 1561-1569. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.015
The reliability and validity of each selected item were also assessed. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability. The convergent validity was used to assess the construct validity among the selected items using the correlation between: a) pain intensity item with BPI-Pain Intensity, b) pain interference item with BPI-Pain Interference, ODI, and SF-12 Physical Component Summary, c) sleep item with BPI-Pain Interference, d) fatigue item with SF-12 Physical Component Summary and ODI, e) depression item with HADS-Depression and PHQ-9, f) anxiety item with HADS-Anxiety, g) physical function item with SF-12 Physical Component Summary and ODI, and h) social function item with Physical Component Summary and ODI. It was hypothesized that the
Duff, M. C., Wszalek, T., Tranel, D., & Cohen, N. J. (2008) Successful life outcome and
Through a series of assessment tools, she reveals the types of activities that we can commit to doing on a daily basis which will improve our level of happiness. She reinforces the numerous benefits of being happier. Happier people are more sociable and energetic, more charitable and cooperative, and better liked by others. Being happy boosts their immune systems, improves productivity, and can lead to a longer life. It allows them to be more creative and...
Most medical errors come from human errors. Before defining medical error, we should have a good understanding of human error. As a human in our everyday life we are prone to make mistakes such as using ointment...
In the United States 20% of the adult population report that they are living a flourishing life (Keyes, 2002). However, a high percentage reports feeling as if they are ‘‘stuck’’ or ‘‘want more’’ and are yet not diagnosable with a mental disorder (Fredrickson, 2008). Because happiness has been found to be the source of many desirable life outcomes e.g. career success, marriage, and health, it is of importance to understand, how languishing individuals can reach this ideal state: How can well-being be enhanced and misery reduced (Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005). Over the past decade, research in the field of positive psychology has emerged to provide evidence-based methods to increase an individual’s psychological well-being, through so called positive psychology interventions (PPI’s). PPI’s are treatment methods or intentional activities used to promote positive feelings or behaviour. PPI’s vary from writing gratitude letters, practicing optimistic thinking and replaying positive experiences. A meta-analysis of 51 independent PPI studies demonstrated significant results in the effectiveness of PPI’s increasing well-being (49 studies; r = .29) (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009).
Health and longevity positively correlated with high life satisfaction which means that individuals with high life satisfaction are more likely to be healthy and live longer (Pressman and Cohen, 2012; Diener and Chan, 2011). It was also reported that people with high life satisfaction have stronger and cardiovascular systems (Pressman and Cohen, 2005). Productivity and effectiveness in the workplace as well as success in career is also attributable to high life satisfaction (Tay, Kuykendall, Diener, 2015). Additionally, individuals with high life satisfaction engage in more physical activities (Huang and Humpreys, 2012). Presence of meaning in life as well as search for meaning in life correlated positively with life satisfaction. It is also notable that the older the respondents are, the meaning in life and presence of meaning in life also increases. Therefore, it is deemed that internal assessment of one’s purpose in life can affect life satisfaction (Santos et al.
An individual 's happiness is vital to their overall wellbeing and is affected by numerous factors, all to varying extents.