servitude. This form of treatment “often occurs in Central America where teenagers are taken from Nicaragua, Honduras, and Guatemala to work in brothels in Costa Rica and elsewhere that cater primarily to sex tourists from Canada and the United States” (Nagle, 2008, p.147).
Figure 2 Source: International Labor Organization 2012
Victims are most commonly trafficked into forced labor, forced sex work and domestic servitude. Victims are tricked, forced or coerced into slavery. Victims may be men, women or children from a wide-range of backgrounds, classes, and races. It’s not unusual for victims to be trafficked by someone they know and trust, including friends and seemingly trustworthy recruiters and agents. Traffickers use various techniques
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Push factors describe reasons why individuals feel forced into trafficking to get away from something they perceive as a greater risk with worse outcomes. Pull factors describe reasons why people are drawn into trafficking. Luzestella Nagle describes the difference saying victims are “attracted by pull factors and betrayed by push” (Nagle, 2008, p.145). Push factors include a broad array of economic, social, cultural, and political conditions in the countries where victims are obtained. Examples of push factors in Latin America include poor economic activity and lack of job opportunities, poverty, lack of opportunities to improve an individual’s quality of life, gender discrimination, weak law enforcement and political corruption. Pull factors are the never-ending demand for bodies (to provide labor or for the sex trade industries) and perception of higher wage opportunities (Risley, 2010). “Applying push and pull factors identifies the following crucial elements: growing demand for cheap labor; fundamental desire to achieve a better life; ruthless human trafficking supply/transportation structure; and a high number of consumers benefiting from the exploitation of trafficking victims” (Nagle, 2008,
Human trafficking victims can be forced to do different things such as physical labor and prostitution. The things that usually are key to trafficking are that the victims are vulnerable to anything that involves a better life or involving moving into the U.S. The main reason is that they suffer from poverty; the victims want to help their family with money and are open to whatever way there is to get money. In addition, many in Mexico risk their lives to come to the U.S. hoping that they can find work. They go through parts of Mexico that are considered to have the most violence with drugs, cartels and trafficking are then most often caught by the cartels and have no other choice but to be a slave working to pay off their “debt” that they have to the cartels. Also the traffickers use everything because the victims are vulnerable, to control the victims often the victims are being belittled by their traffickers, many people that suffered sometimes tell...
In many countrys where poverty is huge is where many predators are looking for vurneerable women to take advantage of because of their situation. The poverty in other countries is a contributing factor in the sex trafficking world. As mentioned by Alicja Jac-Kucharski in her article The Determinants of Human Trafficking: A US Case Study many immigrants are brought to the United States of America with the promise a good job waiting for them for when they arrive. To them this is an amazing opportunity to be able to help their family by leaving their country for a few months they believe they can make enough money to help their family because of how poor their country is. These are the factors that make it possible for people in take advantage of people who want to help their families in need. Kucharskii states,” Push factors are those that people experience around them where they live; these include demographic growth, low living standards, lack of economic opportunities, and political repression” Which are the reasons people feel vulnerable to predators who take advantage of them. It is not just pushed factors that play a role in sex trafficking, but also ,”pull factors”. As stated by Kucharskii a pull factor is,” demand for labor, availability of land, good economic opportunities and political freedoms” . People who are trafficked to another country’s are sometimes enticed by what they hear. Such as a opportunity for better lives and jobs, when in reality it is just a lie so that their traffickers can take than away from her family. Sadly as mentioned by Kucharskii most of the people trafficked are women. Which because of all that was promised to them never comes true and in reality they are turning to sell their bodies. Sex trafficking immigrants are growing more because of how
According to Rijken (2009) any activity that involves the recruitment, transportation, or receipt of a person using coercive or deceptive means with the intent of exploitation is defined as Human Trafficking. If the victim is under 18 the coercive or deceptive means in unnecessary to call such conduct trafficking (p. 212). There are 12.3 million victims of human trafficking worldwide at any given moment (Hepburn & Simon, 2010; Nack, 2009). Statistics show that 43% are forced into the sex trade, 32% are used in forced labor, and the remaining 25% are trafficked for mixed or undetermined reasons (Hepburn & Simon, 2010). In the United States alone, 15-18,000 women, children, and men are trafficked annually. People of all genders, races, and ages are at risk of becoming victims of human trafficking. We can’t simply prosecute our way to social justice. Of course people who exploit people should be punished. But definitions of trafficking often cast a wide net, encompassing all sex workers. While law enforcement has the biggest role to play, the quest to end modern slavery must have other champions. Forced labor and sex trafficking is the second most profitable criminal enterprise, and the fastest growing. Yet the level of awareness within the United States is not commensurate. To truly confront this most egregious of crimes, civil society must be a lead proponent. Organizations already exist that help in a variety of ways, such as providing training to those who could identify victims. (Ergas, Y.; "Online Journal - JIA SIPA.")
Traffickers are known to tell the people who fall into their hands a high-paying job, a loving relationship, or even new opportunities. What ends up happening is that they are tricked into becoming part of an evil organization that uses physical and psychological violence to control them. Traffickers can work alone also or work as part of a powerful criminal network, with the idea of trafficking people for large sums of money that the victims don’t even really get to collect.
Most of the young women in the U.S. are runaways who live on the streets by choice; they are recruited by other female recruits under false promises, promises of a better life, such as a good job, educational opportunity or marriage. Some girls are abducted and forced into the industry, then sent out of the area and isolated from family and friends. Victims usually have no control over any aspect of their lives, the trafficker decides when they sleep and eat. Their captor repeatedly sexually, physically, and mentally abuses them.
While being trafficking these people can suffer from long lasting physical and psychological trauma, diseases, drug addiction, unwanted pregnancy, malnutrition, social ostracism,cigarette burns, ligature marks, depression, and possible death in some situations. These people are getting lured in by these traffickers and forced to perform these actions under their control. Human trafficking still exists throughout the United States today. Traffickers use multiple manipulative ways to get people to engage in commercial sex, whichs most of the time ends up forcing them to provide labor services. These traffickers are luring and ensuring these people into sex and labor trafficking by manipulating and exploiting all of their vulnerabilities. Traffickers can trap their victims two different ways; one, by promising to give them a high paying job, loving relationships, or even new and exciting opportunities. Then two, by using violence, threats, deception, debt bondage, and other manipulative tactics to trap these innocent victims. These traffickers usually use these people to pay off their debt bondage. The traffickers usually tend to be over their heads in debt and use these victims to pay off their debt by either using some sort of forced labor or sex
In this paragraph I am going to tell you how human trafficking works. First the people who are trafficked are often those who are in debt or living in poverty. Traffickers exploit these types of situations, and trick these individuals into believing that they will sponsor them to get a good paying job somewhere abroad. Next, upon arrival to the destination, these individuals are often shocked to realize that they are not given the work that they were promised and instead, are forced to work in conditions that they did not agree to. Traffickers also take away passports and any other means of identification of these people so that the police will not be able to help them. Finally, victims are often told that they must now work until they pay back their debt, and can also be sold to va...
More specifically then human trafficking, there is child trafficking. Child trafficking is today’s version of slavery that involves transferring a child for the purpose of abuse or illegal activities. According to the U.S. Department of State, “Child/Human Trafficking is one of the fastest growing crimes in the world and is the world’s second largest criminal enterprise, after drugs. Child trafficking happens in every single country, including the United States. When people think of trafficking of people, most think of women, but children are also being sold as slaves all across the world. Children who are most likely to become victims are those who come from low income homes, have limited access to education and are struggling to survive.
“Injuries of human dignity and Human rights of a globalized society. Nobody may be held in slavery or peonage; Slavery and slave trade are in all forms forbidden”. These are the words of the Universal declaration of human rights (United Nations, 1948).Human trafficking is just another name for modern-day slavery, where the victims involved are forced and deceived into labor and sexual exploitation. Exploitation referring to using others for prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, or the removal of organs. The numbers are scary. Almost 600,000 to 800,000 women and children are annually trafficked across national borders. This does not count for the numbers that are trafficked within their own countries. Human trafficking is very much hidden and accurate data and the extent of nature of human trafficking are hard to calculate. Trafficked victims are often in dangerous positions and may be unwilling and too scared to jeopardize their lives to report or seek help from authorities. Victims live daily with emotional and physical abuse, inhumane treatment, and threats to their families, like they are going to torture...
Sex trafficking is a term that covers a range of activities. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines it as “a modern-day form of slavery in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act is under the age of 18 years” (The Campaign 1). Victims of sex trafficking may be forced to do any number of activities to earn money for their traffickers. These include “prostitution, pornography, stripping, live-sex shows, mail-order brides, military prostitution and sex tourism” (10). Wherever there is demand for the sexual exploitation of a certain type of individual, such as teenage girls, young boys or children, traffickers will find people to meet that demand. Unfortunately, this puts innocent people in situations where they are taken advantage of.
Traffickers abuse a diversity of people to reach their financial desire, “The U.S. State Department estimates suggest that approximately 70 percent of the victims of sex trafficking are female and approximately 50 percent of the victims are under the age of 18.” (McCabe 1) Although, traffickers abuse women and children more often, they also exploit men. In the book “Criminal Investigation of Sex Trafficking in America” by Leonard Territo and Nataliya Glover, “There has been estimated by the United States Department that between 700,000 and 2,000,000 people are trafficked each year worldwide, and 80% of them are exploited as sexual slaves.” (Glover 3) There are different concepts of how trafficker’s abuse the people they kidnap but exploiting them to sex is an easy way to make money and it supports the reason behind why traffickers kidnap women and children more often. Women and children are far easier to abduct because men are hypothetically the dominant and according to April Rieger from the attorney firm Williams & Connolly LLP and the writer of scholarly journal, “MISSING THE MARK: WHY THE TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT FAILS TO PROTECT SEX TRAFFICKING VICTIMS IN THE UNITED STATES,” “traffickers have taken advantage of the unequal status of women and girls in the source and transit countries, including harmful stereotypes of women as property, commodities, servants, and sexual objects.” (Rieger 5) April Rieger has stated that woman are only seen as something that is just meant to be used and that women are disposable, but not only are women and children easier to kidnap, but children who have psychological issues are the winning lottery to traffickers. Traffickers often manipulate children who have been abused and abandoned and lure them into joining them. These children get involved in prostitution because they have no support from their families so they utilize the money to get what they
“Sex trafficking, along with labor trafficking, has been described as modern day slavery. It is the coerced commercial sexual exploitation of a human being, and is both an international and a national issue. Sex trafficking does not require a border crossing, but rather involves the forced sale of a human being for sex.” (Makatche, 2013) Sex trafficking industries may seem as if they only conduct business in poor foreign countries. The reality is that it is happening in every country and everywhere. Just as other illicit markets that sell and trade nuclear materials, illicit arms, drugs, or art and antiques; the markets that sell women and children for commercial sex are just as common.
Sex trafficking is essentially systemic rape for profit. Force, fraud and coercion are used to control the victim’s behavior which may secure the appearance of consent to please the buyer (or john). Behind every transaction is violence or the threat of violence (Axtell par. 4). Just a decade ago, only a third of the countries studied by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime had legislation against human trafficking. (Darker Side, par.1) Women, children, and even men are taken from their homes, and off of the streets and are brought into a life that is almost impossible to get out of. This life is not one of choice, it is in most times by force. UNODC estimates that the total international human trafficking is a $32-billion-per-year business, and that 79% of this activity comprises sexual exploitation. As many as 2 million children a year are victims of commercial sexual exploitation, according the the U.S. State Department.-- Cynthia G. Wagner. (Darker Side, par. 4) The words prostitute, pimp, escort, and stripper tend to be way too common in the American everyday vocabulary. People use these words in a joking manner, but sex trafficking is far from a joke. Everyday, from all different countries, people are bought and sold either by force or false promises. Some are kidnapped and others come to America with dreams of a dream life and job. The buyers involved in the trade will do anything to purchase an innocent life just to sell for their own selfish profit. Many people wouldn’t think of a human body to be something you can buy in the back room of a business or even online. But those plus the streets are where people are sold most often. There are many reasons and causes for sex trafficking. The factors behind sex traffic...
“Human Trafficking is the recruiting, harboring,moving or obtaining a person by force, fraud or coercion, for the purposes of involuntary servitude, debt bondage or sexual exploitation(¨Human Trafficking in Illinois¨).” Human Trafficking is one of the largest and is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world. Annually 9.5billion dollars of profits are generated from trafficking humans world wide. “Persons do not have to have been transported internationally to be considered victims of trafficking(Facts about Human Trafficking). Men and women are often times tricked into servitude by “johns” a term used for traffickers and pimps. “Johns” use fraud, deception, coercion, and threats to the victim and or loved ones of the victim, to transport, harbor and or obtain people for sexual exploitation, or labor and slavery(¨Human Trafficking¨).
There are many types of people who get trafficked but there is also many types of work these people do. The most common business they are forced to work in is the sex trade. Which includes prostitution, escort work, pornography both women, men, and children can become victims of this type of work. Like most human trafficking cases usually the person is lured into a false sense of comfort before being forced into the industry. Another common type of human trafficking is forced labor