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essays on indigenous women in north america
the role of native american women
Pueblo ethnographic history
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Pueblo Indian Religion in the Early 20th Century The Pueblo Indians religious history is different than the average Christian religion history. Their religious beliefs are based on the creation of life. The persons seen as the creators of life are the centrality and the basis of their religion. In the early 1900’s these Indians were looked upon in different lights. White man compared the Pueblo rituals and religious routines with his own. Pueblo religious beliefs, practices and social forms were criticized, scrutinized and misunderstood by white Christian American settlers. The major religious practice and worship of the Pueblo Indians involved ritual dances. White men attempted to stop these Puebloan ritualistic dances because they did not meet his own religious standards and this happened before the Indians had a chance to explain or define what their dances really stood for. Women played a significant role in Puebloan ritual dances and religious A brief description of the Pueblo Indian culture and religion are needed to get a full understanding of why their dances were misinterpreted by white settlers and why the Indians were judged and treated in such an unjust way. Pueblo Indians lived in Arizona and New Mexico and had a very different culture religiously than the white man. White religious history shows us that women were not seen, in European and new American culture, as not being significant to religious practices. In the Pueblo religion, however the woman was regarded in a different light. They rarely practiced in religious rituals but were the center of their people’s religion. Pueblos had rituals that were performed exclusively by men, and there, these men imitated women’s reproductive pow... ... middle of paper ... ... for their religious beliefs and cultural values. People’s religious beliefs and practices all need to be protected from harm and negative influence like a child needs care from his mother. The Pueblo Indians should be looked at as an example of how people should not be treated. This way, hopefully we won’t make the same mistake twice. We all have an obligation to know all the facts and the whole truth about something before we start to reject it. If the white people in the early 20th century had taken the time to understand the meaning of these dances they may not have been so quick to judge and may have stood back and reflected on their own ways of living. Work Cited Young Jane. "Women in Western Puebloan Society". Journal of American Folklore. 100.398(1987): 436-445. Jacobs D. Margaret. "Making Savages of us all". Frontiers. 17.3(1983): 178-209.
laws. This is a book source it talks about how the Indians were tormented by the
government in those days, the objective was to “kill the Indian in the child.” However
Our Indian legislation generally rests on the principle, that the aborigines are to be kept in a condition of tutelage and treated as wards or children of the State. …the true interests of the aborigines and of the State alike require...
Pueblo Indian. (2002, April). History of the pueblo indians (cont.). Retrieved March 12, 2003, from http://www.puebloindian.com/pueblo_history_003.htm
Did you know that the Ancient Indian people of the Southwestern United States have dated back to the year 10,000 BC? First appearing toward the end of the last Ice Age, they were the first “Americans.” (Noble, 1998) When Christopher Columbus arrived in the America’s in 1492 and seeing the people of this land for the first time, he thought that he had landed in India, thus giving them the name “Indians.” (Noble, 1998) However, he was nowhere near India, or that region of the world. Because the Ancient Indians were nomadic people, (people who wondered the lands with no permanent home) through the years they developed, separated, and re-located their clans, developing into what we know today as the American Indian. One group or tribe, are the Hopi Indians. Although the Hopi are still a tribe today, mostly living in Arizona, their population, traditions, skills, and crafts have dwindled throughout the years. Let us sit back, relax, and explore the ancestor’s of the Hopi tribe and learn about their traditions, skill, and crafts.
Oral history teaches the Navajo be aware of changes in the land and to protect Navajo synecdoche by avoiding ominous threats like rodents (35). But more significantly, oral history, as taught by the elders, requires the Navajo to respect their ceremonial dances, winter shoe games, and spiritual artifacts by refusing to sell their culture for capital (39). Navajo leaders used this 1993 illness to evaluate ignored cultural values and use ceremonies to strengthen “familiar ties and relationships” (40). By neglecting their traditions, the Navajo were bringing destruction upon themselves. Elders also sharply pointed out that “physical changes in the land reflect a break down in the proper relationship between Navajo and mother Earth” (39). The destruction of the Navajo exists in the uranium mining pits, road and water projects and dumping sites, unless prescribed healing ceremonies and future obedience can redeem their relationship with the land and the Holy People.
When I say the words ‘totem pole’ what comes to mind? Do you picture big, tall poles reaching high into the sky with scary looking faces carved into them? Well that’s only half of the story behind the totem poles. The Native American culture expresses shame in various ways. The Native Americans were shamed in boarding schools, they shamed various other people with totem poles, and they feel shame with alcoholism. Boarding schools drained the minds and culture out of the Native Americans that were forced to attend them. Alcoholism is killing off the remaining Native American tribes that are still here.
Lincoln defines a set of practices as “practices whose goal is to produce a proper world and/or proper human subjects, as defined by a religious discourse to which these practices are connected” (6). The Sun Dance ritual is performed annually during the summer, and it is a way for the Lakota people to help the people they love. “A similar religious concept lies behind the Sun Dance, where the participants pierce their flesh with skewers to help someone dear to them” (253). Furthermore, “Indians give of their own flesh, year after year to help others” (253). The Sun Dance provides an outlet for the Lakota to sacrifice and feel the suffering of those around them. It makes them a better person, because they are thinking of others rather than themselves.
The novel Lame Deer, Seeker of visions is a biography of a Lakota Medicine Man who lived in the 1900’s. this book is his personal views of the situation that Lame Deer’s people have been left in after everything that had happened as the “white man” immigrated to what they believed to be unknown land and theirs for the taking. through the story he speaks of the history of the desecration done to the Native Americans by the European invaders. as well as explaining to Richard Erdoes, through hours of interviews, the way of the Lakota People and their Rituals and customs. this depiction shows the vast spirituality of the Lakota as well as what they hold highly in their religion. It is explained how the “white Man” took over their sacred land and destro...
SourcesAtwood-Lawrence, Elizabeth. The Symbolic Role of Animals in the Plains Indian Sun Dance. http://www.envirolink.org/arrs/psyeta/sa/sa1.1/lawrence.html (Feb 3, 1997) Eliade, M. (1975). Myths, Dreams, and Mysteries. New York: Harper and RowKehoe, Alice B. (1992). North American Indians A Comprehensive Account. New Jersey: Prentice-HallSchwatka, Frederick. (1889-1890). The Sun-Dance of the Sioux. Century Magazine. Pp. 753-759.Welker, Glenn. The Sun Dance http://www.indians.org/welker/sundance.htm (Jan 7, 1996)
For physically small antennas, the Wheeler cap method is highly preferred for measuring the radiation efficiency. According to this method, if a radiation shield is placed around the antenna so as to enclose the near fields of the antenna, the radiation resistance of the antenna is reduced to zero while the loss resistance and the stored energy remain the same as for the unshielded antenna. When covering the antenna with a metal cap, the radiation is suppressed and the input power (proportional to the input resistance) is equal to the power loss (proportional to the loss resistance). Without the cap, the input power is equal to the radiated power plus the power loss (input resistance + loss resistance). The radiation efficiency of the antenna can be obtained from these two parameters.
Throughout the history of American culture, we as an entire nation have been blind to the contributing cultures’ literature, rituals, and traditions. Prior to America’s unification, hundreds of Native American Indian tribes occupied the nation’s province. Through speech and celebratory events, they spread their beliefs, traditions, tales, and legends, in hopes of preserving their way of life. Native Americans’ cultures contributed to the unified ‘American’ culture; although, adequate credit is not given to this part of the nation’s history. Like most other Native American tribes, the Miwok Indians, native to central California, included archetypal elements in their writings such as animals with human-like characteristics, the cycle of life, and showing respect to the elders of a tribe in their literature; consequently, these morals and ideas were passed down to younger generations by word of
The power radiated or received by an antenna is a function of the angular position and radial distance from the antenna. The radiation pattern is good represented in the form of a three dimensional graph of power versus elevation and azimuth angles but more commonly represented by E-plane or H-plane where one angle is held fixed while the other is varied as shown in Figure
When antennas are placed close to human body, their performance is influenced by human body. Antennas that are near to the body have different resonance frequency than resonance frequency in free space. Changes in Resonance frequency, Impedance bandwidth, Gain, directivity and radiation pattern is observed when it is placed close to human body [2].
Wireless communication has revolutionized our society. It provides access to communication that is impossible to implement with the use of wires. It permits helpf...