Question 1. Nowadays, to make the distinctions between public and private management is not easy, the line between those two are thin, they look like similar, apparently, there are some similar characteristic between public and private management, that both of the organization is doing POSDCORB (Planning-Organizing-Staffing-Directing-Coordinating-Reporting-Budgeting). Both are having strategy, manage internal condition and external constituents. There is also dimension of “publicness” , that place the organization based on the degree of political authority and economic authority. Government agency is placed in the extreme side of political authority and private managed by owner placed in extreme side of economic authority. Nevertheless, they are not the same, according to Knott (1993) , “dichotomy is much too sharp to fit the facts.” The argument developed here is to convince there is still the need to differentiate those two. Based on Knott (1993) the key distinction in understanding the difference of public vs private management is between the organizations. In management issues they have particular internal characteristics (IC) and environmental constraints (EC). By analytical dimension, it could be judged by independence, information asymmetry and conflict of interest. There are four general management categories that cut across the public and private management, as follows (Knott, 1993) : Public Management Private Management Organizational Characteristics Agencies operate in political consensus and routinized technology Organizational efficiencies to achieve economic efficiency Political Mandate Interdependence to others, political authority Single accountability, economic authority Multiple stakeholders Monopoly, the ... ... middle of paper ... ...ng from public to private management. The reason was to provide finance, competitiveness and efficiency, strengthen the market discipline and better service to the consumer. Even though the process had different opinions, and contained risk of MTRC, but at the end the privatization delivered the value added to the MTR. Additionally, it was also increasing the financial performance of MTR, and make the client and citizen better off by the service provided of New MTR. From the explanation above, there are similarities of activities between public and private, dimension of publicness, and many emphases and practices from both originally public and private management can be found in government, business and non-profit organizations. However, there is still fundamental difference between those, therefore the need to differentiate public and private should be in placed.
The main aim of public service is to deliver services that are of need to its people. How fast a public manager can address its people’s problem and concerns indicates its effectiveness. Responsiveness of the manager develops trust between him, the government, and the people. According to (Rainey, p106) bureaucratic responsiveness implies two things; responsiveness to the people’s wishes or responsiveness to the interest of the government.
Wilson described public administration as “the most obvious part of the government; it is government in action; it is the executive, the operative, the most visible side of government, and is of course as old as government itself.” Furthermore, public administration is efficient and detailed implementation of public law. Every particular application of general law is a demonstration of administration.
In order to infuse greater degree of efficiency in their working and to bring about more accountability in their performance, the extent of disinvestment differed for each of these 3 categories. The Government decided to disinvest up to 74% and retain only a maximum of 26% in Non - Core Industries, This encouraged private participation in public sector management, infusing efficiency into the enterprise working.
The study of public administration only continued to grow over the course of the next two decades. As the study of public administration expanded, so did the development of s...
An organisation’s management is based on theories developed by researchers that study what managers do and what instituted good management practice. This has led to the formation of a new perspective on management that is called general administrative theory. The theory we are focusing on was developed by a German sociologist named Max Weber. According to him, bureaucracy is the most efficient method of organisation. What is bureaucracy? It is a form of organisation categorised by division of labour, comprehensive rules and regulations, a well-defined hierarchy and objective based relationships. In the early 1900s Max Weber’s bureaucratic theory was spread throughout public and private sectors although it was largely discredited by organisations around the world.
The elements of NPM have been implemented in diverse forms in different countries depending on their historical nature of bureaucracy and public sector management and reform objectives. For instance, more emphasis was given to performance management in Scandinavian countries, while a stronger accent was on market type mechanisms, contractualisation of the public service and systematic approaches to improving service quality in New Zealand, the UK and the USA. The long-term benefits from these reforms have not been empirically validated. Nevertheless, the major donors are agreed that what developing countries must do to improve public sector management is to sweep away the traditional public administration paradigm that underpins their bureaucracies and introduce the new public management (Turner and Hulme 1997: 230). Mongolia has not escaped from this trend.
NAZ, M. E. (2003). ORIGIN, IDEAS AND PRACTICE OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT:LESSONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Asian Affairs , 33.
Sapru R.K. (2008) P370 argues that New Public Management (NPM) is a new model of public sector management which emerged in the beginning of the 1990 in response to the challenges of globalization, global competitivenes...
...r pillars of public administration are equally important in the process of public administration and complement one another in the provision of quality public service. When public administrators have economy in mind they focus on the best combination of available resources to provide optimum public service. To ensure that public service is not limited to only a section of the public, the issue of equity is taken into consideration so that public interest is realized. Efficiency and effectiveness additionally go hand in hand in ensuring that allocated resources are used in the best possible manner to attain set goals. Thus whereas the first three public administration pillars – Economy, efficiency and effectiveness are concerned with how public service is provided the fourth and most recent addition (Equity) concerns with for whom public service is provided.
...formance and efficiency, according to numbers of literature and studies in recent decades. Intensification of bureaucratic control is still widely spread and is supported by various examples and evidence which were found across different industries all over the world (McSweeney 2006). The emergence of service industry does impact on the change in modern management technique and leads to the rise of human capability and behaviour factors, as well as the significance of informal organisation and teamwork. Nevertheless, the ultimate objective of such approach is as an enhancement of control which in fact creates a more centralised management structure rather than decentralised. Therefore we can conclude that even though the approach of management have changed, the concept of bureaucratic control still remains and is something that cannot be fully abolished or replaced.
There are three well-established theories of classical management: Taylor?s Theory of Scientific Management, Fayol?s Administrative Theory, Weber?s Theory of Bureaucracy. Although these schools, or theories, developed historical sequence, later ideas have not replaced earlier ones. Instead, each new school has tended to complement or coexist with previous ones.
Public administration has both led the way for societal reforms and has followed the changes in society. One can only guess that the study and practice of public administration will continue to change with the further advances in society. Already there are many of issues that tomorrow’s public administrators will be dealing with. These issues will be varied and complex and will concern the ongoing development of computers, possible advancements in health care and science, and even major social and legislative shifts.
According to Villanueva (2013 internet source)Public administration involves government officials or public officials that apply particular policy and approaches inside a specific sphere or level of government, normally in the local level of government. Public administrators must ensure and promise that all facets of a particular policy or approach in a state are fulfilled and applied in the correct way.
Max Weber, Henri Fayol and Luther Halsey Gulick all addressed issues, concerning how an overall organization should be structured, bureaucratic administration, while Frederick Taylor’s theory of scientific management concentrated on techniques for increasing production (Tomkins, 2005). This essay will focus on the disadvantages and the advantages, including the effective and efficient components, of bureaucracy in public management.
Similarly in Weber’s bureaucratic approach, organizations are divided into different echelons with each varying in its degrees of influence. Each unit being commanded by the one above it, a system that promotes stability and has a predictable line of communication. Both approaches of management rely heavily on regulated control. Whether governing task scientifically of people authoritatively. A solid form of control is mus...