Public Diplomacy: The Definition Of Public Diplomacy

I.8.1. Public Diplomacy

Term of public diplomacy was viewed by Jay Wang as a state effort to enhance the quality of communication between the state and society in which the implementation itself is not only done by the government alone, but also with the participation of the people. Then, Jan Mellisen also has her own definition about public diplomacy, which is as an attempt to influence other states or organizations in the positive way in order to change their perspective about that state. Back then, the term of public diplomacy was first used by Edmond Gullion in 1965, he was the former American diplomat and Dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, and he stated that:

“Public diplomacy deals with the influence of public attitudes on the formation and execution of foreign policies. It encompasses dimensions of international relations beyond traditional diplomacy, (including) the cultivation by governments public opinion in other countries; the interaction of private groups and interests in one country with those of another, and the transnational flow of information and ideas.”

Generally, we can

Another opinion about cultural diplomacy come from Richard T. Arndt, he did a survey to prove the effectiveness of cultural diplomacy. Arndt proved that cultural diplomacy helps create a foundation of trust with other people, which policy makers can build on to reach political, economic, and military agreements. Besides that, Myung-sub also defines cultural diplomacy as self-interest strategies of foreign policy chosen by a nation’s cultural interests. He emphasizes if it needs to be considered through stereoscope visions because diverse actors such as government bodies, non-governmental organizations and individuals are able to conduct cultural