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Importance of psychology in society
Importance of psychology in society
Importance of psychology in society
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This paper will examine the professionalization of psychology in North American, specifically focusing on clinical psychology. First off, I will with a broad history of clinical psychology and its development over time. Secondly, I will focus on the development of professional psychology training programs. It is important to keep in mind the impact of sociopolitical factors on the professionalization of psychology. One major influence on the professionalization was the Second World War (WWII): it helped bring applied fields out of the dark and called for training in mental testing and psychotherapy. Then, I will discuss the emergence of organizations such as the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) and the American Psychological Association (APA) and their influence on psychological training programs in academia. The battle between psychology as a science and psychology as a profession will be examined. Lastly, Acadia University’s history in psychology will be explored while connecting it to significant changes occurring in the boarder sphere of psychology during a 40-year period, 1935-1975. Acadia has a very rich history and strong ties with the CPA which lead to the establishment of a clinical program well before the time of its professionalization and creation of a code of ethics. Additionally, the maritime provinces were the first to have a provincial association of professional psychologist thanks to W. H. D. Vernon, an Acadia University professor.
ANTECEDENTS OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN NORTH AMERICA
The practice of psychology existed long before the science of psychology, for instance, giving assistance to someone who is grieving. Additionally, persons in past decades suffered from similar issues to those of today. B...
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...ology in Canada during that time include fourteen articles in the 1946 issue of The CPA Bulletin (Conway, 2010). Although psychology as a professional had made advancements it faced some backlash by academia. Scepticism surrounding the professionalization of psychology was still present in the 1950s. At some universities, psychology was still struggling to maintain its identity as a department. The production of a code of ethics can be viewed as a core facet of professionalization for an occupation. A code of ethics is a set of regulatory practices which protects the public from unethical treatment. In 1948, the CPA established the Canadian Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology (CBEPP). However, at that time the Association was not have the resources to establish national standards and began certifying Canadian psychologists through the APA (Dunbar, 1998).
D. Brett King, Wayne Viney, & William Douglas Woody, (2013). A History of Psychology, Ideas & Context. 3rd ed. United States: Pearson.
Psychology comprises of two words originally used by the ‘Greeks’, ‘psyche’, defining the mind, soul or spirit and lastly ‘logos’ being study. Both words define together the ‘study of the mind’. Psychology perspectives evaluate the normal and abnormal behaviour and how persons’ deal with different concepts of issues and problems. Psychology theories’ are based on ‘common sense’, but its scientific structure, everything needs to be evaluated and tested, therefore, promoting different psychological theories’.
Norcross, J. C. (2000). Clinical versus counseling psychology: What’s the diff. Eye on Psi Chi, 5(1), 20-22.
Although founded and held to the ethical guidelines of the APA, I/O psychology has struggled with licensure. Should I/O Psychologists be Licensed? An article written by Howard and Lowman (1985) address the initial findings of the result of poorly developed licensing requirements. Few articles discuss the gaps between current laws and regulations. However, research reported within the article stated that there was a study conducted of the directory of the American Psychological Association in 1981 which revealed that “fewer licenses were obtained by younger I/O practitioners” (Howard & Lowman, 1985, p.40). The results of the study indicated 22% of those age 34 or younger were licensed, compared with 39% of those age 35 to 44, 51% of those age 45 to 54, and 67% of I/O psychologists age 55 to 64 (Howard & Lowman, 1985). The results may not have been seen as a major concern during the early 1980s however the article continues to highlight the many hurdl...
The study of psychology began as a theoretical subject a branch of ancient philosophy, and later as a part of biological sciences and physiology. However, over the years, it has grown into a rigorous science and a separate discipline, with its own sets of guidance and experimental techniques. This paper aims to study the various stages that the science of psychology passed through to reach its contemporary status, and their effects on its development. It begins with an overview of the historical and philosophical basis of psychology, discusses the development of the various schools of thought, and highlights their effects on contemporary personal and professional decision-making.
Hothersall, David. (1995). History of Psychology. 4th ed. McGraw Hill Co: New York, New York.
We have already seen numerous changes in the field of psychology, and these have yielded new opportunities and roles for psychologists not to mention the added benefits and new comprehensive services presented to the public. In his publication titled, Responding to Society’s Needs: Prescription Privileges for Psychologists, in the Journal Of Clinical Psychology, Norfleet urges the need for this continued trend in our future, and strongly advocates the need for prescription privileges to be a part of the equation. The author clearly lays out the importance of this advancement in the field of psychology by stress...
Westen, D. (1998). The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 333.
Clinical psychology is just one of the many subfields that psychology has to offer. Those who choose to enter clinical psychology aim to help people with addiction, emotional stress, mental illness, or any other type of mental problems. Knowing what a clinical psychologist does in their practice is important in understanding their profession. A clinical psychologist's education is the most prominent part of their career; without it, they cannot be considered a psychologist. The process and requirements of employment for psychologists are scattered, varying from state to state, as well as their salary and where they may be employed. The future and growth of clinical psychology can only be determined by the success of this career today. My purpose for this paper is to research the education, the process and requirements of employment, plus the salary and places for employment for psychologists.
My paper is based on an article from the text’s web site (chapter 9) entitled “Lack of sleep ages body’s systems.” The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood sugar levels). The article also briefly alludes (in the quote at the bottom of page 1) to unspecified changes in brain and immune functioning with sleep deprivation.
Maher, B. A., & Maher, W. B. (1985). Psychopathology: II. From the eighteenth century to modern times. In G. A. Kimble & K. Schlesinger (Eds.), Topics in the history of psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 295-329). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
In this essay I am looking at where Psychology as a discipline has come from and what affects these early ideas have had on psychology today, Psychology as a whole has stemmed from a number of different areas of study from Physics to Biology,
Thorndike, E., & Murchison, C. (1936). Edward Lee Thorndike. In C. Murchison (Ed.), A history of psychology in autobiography volume III (pp. 263-270). Clark University Press. doi:10.1037/11247-011
The APA founded in 1892 provides psychologists with a formalized set of ethical principles and standards for professional conduct
One of the more popular areas of psychology is Educational Psychology. Educational Psychology can be explained several ways. The idea is to study theories and concepts from different parts of psychology and apply them in educational settings. These educational settings may occur in different school settings such as preschool. The goal of educational psychology is to create a positive student-teacher relationship. Educational psychology uses five different types of psychology, behavioral, cognitive, developmental, and social cognitive, and constructivist in this research paper I will be briefly discussing each type of psychology listed above.