Sperm donation has become an effective way to increase conception in single mothers, homosexual couples, and heterosexual couples who suffer from male infertility. Women have two options when choosing a sperm donor. One can receive sperm donation by unknown donors from sperm banks, who are males that remain anonymous and their identity is unknown. Another way to receive sperm is by a known donor who in most cases is a friend of the recipient or a person who is willing to expose their identity and can be a part of the child’s life. In the case of an unknown donor, women should research the psychological affects this decision may have on the child before deciding to choose an unknown donor. Children who are a product of an unknown donor tend to have many psychological issues regarding not knowing who their fathers are, and this is something women should take into account when making a decision about being a recipient from an unknown donor. According to author Elizabeth Marquardt, children who have been a product of sperm donors have higher risks of suffering from psychological problems than an average child. There comes a time when a lesbian couple or a single mom decides they want to have kids without being with a man sexually. When this time comes a mother should consider all options not only for her own desires, but also for the desires of her unborn. As children grow up they have many desires, some of those desires are being loved and having confidence in themselves as individuals. But in situations like this children grow to learn more about themselves and begin to realize they don’t fit in with their surroundings, this begins to cause psychological issues. With a father figure not being present donor children tend to suffer w... ... middle of paper ... ...he only people recorded in this data were under the age of 18. Adolescents under 18 are known to be more naive to issues around them and their brain is not fully developed to make decisions that they completely understand like an adult can; the study should have been conducted with adolescents who have reached the age of 18 and older since they are at the point of full development and understanding. Disease should also be a concern to a mother when it comes to making a decision to use a donor or not. Males can carry HIV or other genetic diseases can infect the mother and child. A child being born with HIV is less likely since the sperm does go through test, but it has happen many times. Not only does the child grow up with a disease but also with the other psychological affects that comes with being a donor child. Many children in these situation commit suicide.
Fatherless has been one of the most important challenges and epidemics in our generation. The effects of growing up...
The addition of a child into a family’s home is a happy occasion. Unfortunately, some families are unable to have a child due to unforeseen problems, and they must pursue other means than natural pregnancy. Some couples adopt and other couples follow a different path; they utilize in vitro fertilization or surrogate motherhood. The process is complicated, unreliable, but ultimately can give the parents the gift of a child they otherwise could not have had. At the same time, as the process becomes more and more advanced and scientists are able to predict the outcome of the technique, the choice of what child is born is placed in the hands of the parents. Instead of waiting to see if the child had the mother’s eyes, the father’s hair or Grandma’s heart problem, the parents and doctors can select the best eggs and the best sperm to create the perfect child. Many see the rise of in vitro fertilization as the second coming of the Eugenics movement of the 19th and early 20th century. A process that is able to bring joy to so many parents is also seen as deciding who is able to reproduce and what child is worthy of birthing.
In today’s society, family structure has changed dramatically from the traditional nuclear family to the unconventional, such as single parenting or same sex families. Over the years, many individuals questioned whether or not a parent’s sexual orientation affected their child’s sexual preference. There is significant research that has shown that children with lesbian parents do not differ from children with heterosexual parents. Many individuals stated that it is the value of the parent’s relationship with the child and not the parent’s sexual orientation that affects the child’s development. Contrary to the popular belief, children raised by lesbian parents are not more likely to become gay than children who are raised by heterosexual parents. A parent’s sexual orientation has said to have little importance to children other than the family togetherness. In other words, the relationship of the parent and child is far greater important than the sexual orientation of one’s parents. To be a good parent to a child has nothing to do with one’s sexual preference, but how well one takes care of that child emotionally, physically, financially, and mentally. Before the 20th, century children were often seen as miniature versions of adults so there was little consideration to children development in cognitive and physical development. The interest of child development did not peak until the early 20th century. Conscientious parenting happens not only within traditional nuclear families, but also within homosexual families. Both traditional nuclear and homosexual families can have positive and negative effects on children’s cognitive, psychological or behavioral development due to their rearing.
I see their point in that not all 18 year olds are mature, but you can be responsible without being mature. Also some might disagree because the brain’s prefrontal cortex isn’t fully developed until the age 25. The prefrontal cortex helps with decision making. I can’t disagree with science, but just because your decision making skills aren't fully developed, they are developed enough to be accountable for their actions. So even though not all 18 year olds are mature or fully developed they still are able to make the right decision.
Perrin, Ellen C., and Benjamin S. Siegel. "Promoting the Well-Being of Children Whose Parents Are Gay or Lesbian." Pediatrics 131.4 (2013): 1374-383. PDF file.
“Sometimes when making something so precious, beautiful and unique, it takes an extra helping heart” (Author Unknown). To me, surrogate motherhood is giving the gift of a child to an individual who cannot carry a child themselves. I chose this topic because it interests me to see what kind of problems are linked with the journey of surrogacy. I have seen plenty of fictional movies about surrogate mothers, and I wanted to learn if any of these issues happened in real life situations. Before I began my research I thought about the ethical, legal, and social problems that could arise during the process of surrogacy. Legally, I thought you could be a surrogate
For centuries there has been a medical epidemic that has plagued expecting mothers around the world. Considered for so long to be simply a woman’s issue, men remained unconcerned and distant—if they even knew as often they were never told. Most everyone has heard whispers of it, but until recent years the medical and psychological communities did not recognize the lasting implications of this occurrence. Now as couples break historical norms and become more egalitarian-based, this issue is one that not only affects women, but their partners also.
Firstly, most agencies only allow married couples to adopt a child. In addition, in 2010, nearly 96 percent of babies is adopted by lesbian co-mothers while adoption of mixed-gender couples occupies just 4 percent. Instead of surrogacy and artificial insemination, both lesbian and gay couples are in high demand for adopting babies or children. Besides,a research of Ellen C. Perrin (2002) proved that the children, who are adopted by homosexual or heterosexual, have the same toy, game, style, friends, etc. In other words, personality, lifestyle, interior life, behaviors, gender identity, and sexual orientation of children do not depend on the gender of their parents. Consequently, it is undoubted that a child being cared for in a same-gender married family that this child will receive tangible and intangible things is better than in foster-care
Unlike other peer researchers, Tyler May (1995) found that men possess very strong feelings about being infertile that they were willing to express. Male participants expressed feeling unworthy, bitter, and useless because they could not contribute to society via reproduction. One male participant expressed, “ ‘that one term (infertile) transformed this budding stud into a wimp.’ And when he learned that the quality of his semen was “borderline”, I was shattered. My voice went up two octaves.’ “ (p.
Test tube babies have long been stigmatized by society as the unnatural results of scientific dabbling. The words `test tube baby' have been used by school children as an insult, and many adults have seen an artificial means of giving birth as something perhaps only necessary for a lesbian woman, or a luxury item only available to the elite few. The reality is that assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been helping infertile couples have children since 1978.1 The methods of in vitro fertilization, it's variants, and the other ART procedures are ways for persons that would otherwise have no hope of conception to conceive and, in a rapidly growing percentage of cases, give birth to healthy babies. As the technology has developed, the quality and range of assistance has developed as well. At present, the means of assisted reproduction and the capabilities of these procedures has grown at a somewhat dizzying pace. However, thought to the repercussions of the applications of ART are being disregarded to some extent while the public's knowledge and the understanding of embryologists and geneticists surges forward. It is possible given consideration to things such as the morality of these techniques, the unexplored alternative uses of these procedures, and the potential impact they posses that further development is unnecessary and possibly dangerous.
Since the 1970s, studies on the effect of same-sex parenting on children have been conducted in the United States. Sociological debates have occurred from the idea of allowing same-sex couples to parent. Some groups feel that allowing this would undermine the traditional ideology of marriage and skew the perception of gender roles for their children. Sociologists continue to produce empirical research that studies samples of the approximately 125,000 same-sex couples raising nearly 220,000 children and comparing their roles as parents and the adult personalities of their children to children raised by heterosexual couples. Current scientific research comparing the outcomes of children raised by gay or lesbian parents with children of heterosexual parents consistently shows that same-sex parents are just as capable of raising “psychologically healthy and well-adjusted” children as heterosexual parents. Research comparing children raised by same-sex couples and heterosexual couples found no differences in the adjustment or mental health of these children as adults.
Many studies have been done pertaining to egg donation and its medical aspect, but very few studies shows the ethical implications of egg donations. Health Laws such as Fertility Clinic Success Rate and Certification Act,1992 regulates the advertisement of success rate of fertility clinic. Only few states have federal laws for informed consent from egg donors (1-3). Informed consent means that donor understands all the minor details surrounding the egg donation procedure, its side-effects- medical, legal, ethical and emotional and gives permission to undergo the procedure without hesitation or coercion.
Daniel Callahan, however, chooses to convey his argument about the bioethics of artificial insemination through a male perspective in his 1992 article “Bioethics and Fatherhood.” He argues that since the beginning of artificial insemination, there has been a trend to overlook the male and his anonymous donation of sperm. His writing style is fairly easy to read and very straightforward in an attempt to convey his point to the general population. His opinion is obvious through his very one-sided argument as well as occasional sarcastic remarks. For this, he does not base many of his points on factual evidence but more abstract, logically deduced theory. His argument is that this man, the sperm donor, is biologically responsible for the newly born child and its life thereafter. He bases his argument around the responsibility of the individual, the technology that allows men to be overlooked, and the rights movement that has lessened the responsibility of the man in fatherhood.
Problems arise when the biological parents abuse or neglect their children, then the children are placed into foster care. It is then that the biological parents of the children have two years to complete counseling or a treatment program to regain the custody of their children from the State. If, after these two years the biological parent has not been successful in their program, the State maintains legal custody of the children and the children are then legally up for adoption. All parents must complete a home study (parenting classes) to verify their competency. Once completed, the parents search for their adoptive child. Studies have demonstrated that a child’s well-being is affected much more by their relationships with their parents, their parents’ competence and security, and the presence of social and economic support rather than by the gender or the sexual orientation of their parents (Averett, 2011). Gay couples are raising more than 1 million American children (Averett, 2011), many from heterosexual couples who have substance abuse issues or have physically abused their children. Many studies of young children of same-sex parents have indicated that the children develop and adjust quite...
Parents are known to have a big impact on their chills’ life. As children grow up they learn from their parents and model behaviors that they see after them. Relationships between child and parent are also an important factor in child development. Many believe that having same-sex parent impacts a child’s life. I do not believe that the sexual orientation of a parent either negatively or positively impact the child but the relation between the child and the parent has the most impact on a child’s life not the sexual orientation of the parent. Having same-sex parents does not negatively impact children. Parent children relationship has shown to be important indicators on friendships, how well a child does in school, and also a predictor of