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freedom and responsibility a term paper
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The Psychological Origins of the Doctrine of Double Effect The principle of double effect has some thoughts related to the medical office. The principle of double effect is an action that has two effects, good and another bad. This doctrine was created by Santo Tomas and then elaborated by the Psalmist theologians of the 16th century. There are many situations in which we are dubious because we must choose a good-minded and at the same time make some wrong, what we call in ethics; the collision of duties. Many times individuals must make decisions in which may feel uncomfortable or sometimes, for lack of discernment guilty. For example to fix a child for their well-being, but at the same time must be subjected to punishment is going to …show more content…
Choose between doing and not doing, or take a path or other (any choice implies a loss) suggests that the best ethics is that produces more benefits to all those involved. Reality has permanent and changing situations. The individual is a being bodily and spiritually able to configure his life with responsible freedom always referred to God, to others and the world, and all of this flows from circumstances, different situations that must respond to the practice of ethical virtues for its further development. Therefore, different situations do not arise for an ethical subjectivism, but precisely because human beings are imperfect, the various changes and circumstances are called or moral challenges to be major human being and a better person. The responsibility to choose and act according to the straight conscience as moral ultimacy in case of serious conflict that cannot delay and be determined. Even with the possibility of error, which means the ethics of well-understood situation, and what distinguishes one situation of another shall base on reciprocity, in the love for the
Throughout this paper I will examine three different ethical views and interpret the ways in which one would respond to the scenario at hand. The initial ethical view is composed of cultural relativism. Another view is Kantian ethics. The final view involves utilitarianism. When presenting these views, I will describe each ethical view, and also I will speak abouts how a person who abides by the given ethical view would respond to the situation.
There are two basic kinds of ethical judgments. The first have to do with duty and obligation. For example: "Thou shalt not kill, lie, or steal." "You just keep your promises." These judgments often uphold minimal standards of onduct and (partly for that reason) assert or imply a moral ‘ought.’ The second kind of judgment focuses on human excellence and the nature of the good life. These judgments employ as their most general terms "happiness," "excellence," and perhaps "flourishing" (in addition to "the good life"). For example: "Happiness requires activity and not mere passive consumption." "The good life includes pleasure, friendship, intellectual development and physical health." I take these to be the two general types of ethical judgment, and all particular ethical judgments to be examples of these. The main contention of this paper is that we must carefully distinguish these two types of judgments, and not try to understand the one as a special case of the other.
As people evolve from children to young adults and finally to maturity, they find that they are constantly faced with difficult decisions. Learning to make the right choice in a difficult situation is one of the hardest lessons to learn. Many people make choices without considering what the results may be. They only look to the future for knowledge instead of considering the knowledge already discovered in the past. In Linda Pastan's "Ethics," the author has painted a picture of the difficulty people have when they refuse to realize that the most difficult choices to make are also the most important. Through Pastan's use of character, symbolism, and descriptive language, the theme of this poem is presented for thought. While choices are made every day without much thought, Pastan has made clear that choices made without the benefit of wisdom are almost always regretted.
Throughout life, one will use ethics to make decisions, solve dilemmas and determine right from wrong, without consciously knowing. During this semester in my Ethics course, I have closely studied the four “Steps of Ethical Analysis” created by Ruggeiro and Lonergan’s system of “Operations of Consciousness”. These similar concepts merge into one framework because both focus on the way humans make choices throughout their lives. In this essay, I will go more in-depth about the ethical frameworks Ruggerio and Lonergan created and show how they closely relate in solving an ethical dilemma.
This principle is heavily rooted in Catholic moral tradition, and Thomas Aquinas outlines the four conditions one must consider when an act has both good and bad effects: 1) The act must be inherently good, or at least morally neutral; 2) The bad effect may be anticipated, but not intended; 3) The good effect must not be achieved by means of the bad effect; and 4) There must be a proportionately grave reason for allowing the bad effect (Summa Theologica (II-II, Qu. 64, Art.7)). The example above about the woman with MS is an example of a situation with a double effect. Perhaps one of the most commonly cited examples is that of pain management at the end of life and the inadvertent suppression of respiration with the use of high doses of potentially lethal medication. Many health care professionals rely on the principle of the double effect to explain why these actions are permissible (Latimer, 1991). In Thomson’s report, she refers to this example and asserts that determining the legal permissibility of administering such a lethal dose should depend only on the patient’s condition and wishes. She goes on to say that weighing the permissibility of the action on whether the doctor would do so intending death or only intending relief from pain is an “absurdity” (Thomson,
What is ethics? Ethics are the philosophical principles of good verses bad moral behavior. It is a guideline to help people make decisions or make a judgment calls. There are two main types of ethical principles that will be discussed in this paper, and how they are applied to the decision making process. They are Deontological and Utilitarian. Deontological ethics are based on the righteousness or wrongness of the action-taking place. It does not base itself on the bad or good consequences that come from the action. Immanuel Kant introduced deontological ethics in the 18th century. Kant believed that every decision or action made by a person had to be evaluated by his or her moral duty. He stated that humanity shouldn’t side on its
a dilemma is taking place due to its content. Based on moral obligations, the action to coming to
Many ethical dilemmas are philosophical in nature, an ethical issue can be described as a problem with no clear resolution. In order to solve the issue or dilemma a consensus between the parties involved must be reached. There are several reasons to come to an agreement over an ethical dilemma, it is the basis for all aspects of personal and professional dealings. Each one of us is part of a civilized society and as such it is our responsibility to be rational, honest and loyal in our dealings with others. (Alakavuklar, 2012) states that individuals make decisions for different situations in business life involving various ethical dilemmas. Each time either consciously or unconsciously individuals may follow some ethical approaches
...ecision making process that takes place when ethical dilemmas arise, but that it also seems refreshing as it takes us back to a time when society knew right from wrong and chose right. However, we also feel that beings capable of reason do not, as a whole, follow inherent duties. They are not always subject to imperatives which push them to act in the correct manner regardless of personal gain, or in the appropriate manner for personal gain.
Everyone in this world has experienced an ethical dilemma in different situations and this may arise between one or more individuals. Ethical dilemma is a situation where people have to make complex decisions and are influenced based on personal interest, social environment or norms, and religious beliefs (“Strategic Leadership”, n.d.). The leaders and managers in the company should set guidelines to ensure employees are aware and have a better chance to solve and make ethical decisions. Employees are also responsible in understanding their ethical obligations in order to maintain a positive work environment. The purpose of this case study is to identify the dilemma and analyze different decisions to find ways on how a person should act
The book makes a comparison between the logic of care and the logic of choice. The logic of care is the central topic of the book. While the other, the logic of choice, makes its point of contrast. The logic of choice is considered as something good in the Western philos...
What a person see, hears, or feels in their life will influence one’s understanding of ethics. What is true for one will not be true for all, because of how people make decisions. For example, nurses can face
Decisions that add or take away from their love for God, love of self, or love of neighbour is the job of every conscience. All people are faced with moral and immoral choices in every day life. What helps solve ones problem is their conscience. There are three things that help one develop their conscience. They are the teachings of the magisterium, tradition and scripture.
We all know there is right and wrong, and that we should focus on doing what is right. However, in many cases such as these two provided to us for this assignment, choosing good has some serious consequences. Unfortunately, life gives us difficult situations, and some cannot always avoid the negative outcomes or side effects that come with the positive action. As individuals, we should strive to avoid evil, and seek good. Although the situations had some negative consequences, in these cases, the good actions were taken according to the principle of double
What is dilemma? Dilemma means when one has to select a choice in a difficult situation. Now what is ethics? Ethic means selection between rights things and wrong things and knowingly chooses the right side of the situation. In today’s society we are facing ethical dilemma on regular basis which force us to use our judgment relevant to the problems. According to the philosopher 's point of view our moral values helps to choose the right path and teach us to behave in the society. Similar concept applies in business too, we have to select between right and wrong thing and be on the right side. Ethical direction is really important when crisis occurs at workplace. During this kind of crisis workers and leaders has to stay strong in order to get through the situation. However there is the possibility that some times business owner or manager ends up taking wrong decisions which effects on themselves, their workers and the business itself. Now the real question is do business professionals follows the ethical guidelines or they just