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Counseling theoretical approaches
Counseling theoretical approaches
Counseling theoretical approaches
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Person-Centered Therapy is an optimistic theory that is categorized in the humanistic approaches to therapy. PC therapy believes that human beings are intrinsically good, and are motivated to be the best that they can be (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p. 346). The theory embodies respect for individuals and values of tolerance and understanding (Brodley, 2007, p. 140). As the name implies the client is responsible for his or her own growth and improvement (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p.344). Rogers' stated that the main assumption of his approach is that “individuals have within themselves vast resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self- directed behavior” (Rogers, 1980, p.115). One of the underlying assumptions, and main motivation, of Person-Centered Therapy is that human beings possess an innate tendency to grow and meet their full potential, or to self-actualize. Self-actualization is the inherent motivation to reach our highest potential, both emotionally and intellectually (Kosslyn & Rosenberg, 2004, p. 464). Self-actualization moves one towards autonomous behavior and self-sufficiency, it enriches one’s life and enhances their creativity. It also promotes congruence, wholeness, and integration of the person. Rogers describes self-actualizing people as the fully functioning person (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p.322). Another central construct to PC therapy are conditions of worth. The conditions come from the need for positive regard. These are “conditions under which the person is judged to be worthy of positive regard” (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p. 323). Conditions of worth arise by the positive evaluation of actions or feelings from an important loved one. Initially external, they... ... middle of paper ... ...entation, or several, in which they choose to practice in their professional career. Psychoanalysis and Person-Centered Therapy are just two, out of over four hundred types, of counseling approaches in use today. The constructs and theories are extremely different, however, neither can be considered right nor wrong. They are simply based on different beliefs, assumptions and viewpoints of human development and their behavior. Although, however different and unique, there are still similarities between the two types of therapy approaches. Through case examples, such as the case of D and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, the techniques and outcomes of different treatment approaches can be see in real life examples. Past research and writing support brings about contradictions, criticism and treatment outcomes to the theories and those who developed them.
While CBT has many advantages, it alone does not encompass all of the concepts I believe are necessary to tackle a client’s needs. Therefore, I draw upon concepts from various theories to assist clients in achieving their goals. Pulling from Reality therapy, a key concept I utilize is focusing on what the client is doing and how to get them to evaluate whether they’re present actions are working for them. CBT does use some form of this in the sense that one must examine and establish their cognitive misconceptions; however, I prefer to extract this concept from Reality therapy because CBT tends to do so by focusing on the past. I am a firm believer that while the past can shape who you are, it does little good to remain focused on it. Focusing on overt behavior, precision in specifying the goals of treatment, development of specific treatment plans, and objective evaluation of therapy outcomes all come from Behavior therapy (Corey, 2013, p. 474). Behavior therapy is highly structured much like that of CBT. By utilizing this aspect of Behavior therapy, I am better able to closely observe where a client is currently and where they are headed. Lastly, I pull from Person-Centered therapy as the final key concept of my counseling approach. PCT focuses on the fact that client’s have the potential to become aware of their problems and resolve them (Corey, 2013). This Person-Centered therapy concept has overlap with CBT as
Next, I am going to discuss the person-centred interventions I exercised through the therapeutic process with my client in session four. Within this I am going to explore how these interventions impacted my client’s responses and how I could improve my skills in future sessions.
...move toward developing a sensitivity to the problems of living and will develop an empathic quality towards others. Indeed, all these are the attitudinal values which are foremost, for genuineness, trust and positivity to happened in therapeutic relationship, for any therapeutic changes to happen. In this case of Meng, the therapist values Meng as a person who is unique and free agent and helps Meng to be appreciative of himself and be more congruent with his self-concepts. Inspite of the current climate of emphasis on short-term, directive, and problem-solving therapy, person-centered therapy with its humanistic nature has be absorbed and applied as backdrop and pillars of many modern counseling techniques. More importantly, to conclude, it is believed that the attitudinal values of person-centered therapists will prevail, in the long run in the field of counseling.
As the field of counseling continues to progress numerous theoretical orientations have been developed. One theoretical approach to counseling has been coined as person centered counseling or client centered therapy. This type of approach is commonly referred to as Rogerian psychotherapy. Rogerian therapy focuses on the empowerment of individuals with the inner self. These constructs are vital to ensuring and promoting a transparent and honest atmosphere which subsequently results in effective counseling. The behaviors that are found in client centered counseling are valuable as they motivate the client to explore their "hidden feelings" and become aware of where their feelings derive from. Being afforded the rare opportunity to see Rogers
The person-centred therapy will guide the individual to realise that they are momentarily lost in their own consciousness and that they do not have a mental disorder, as rogers states and believes that there is no such thing as having a mental disorder, it is just simply a disconnection from the self-potential. Within counselling, it is vital for the counsellor to provide and support the client's growth by showing counselling skills such as an empathic understanding of where the client is coming from, showing genuine remorse and emotions towards the client as in the counsellor themselves are experiencing what the client has experienced and is experiencing currently, (seeing things as the client sees them, being in their shoes). If the counsellor succeeds in creating that therapeutic relationship and trust with the client, the client would be a step closer to self-actualisation. The person-centred theory fits well with bereavement as the theory is based on the human instinct of survival, the therapy relies on the assumption that individuals are capable enough to make their own choice and control their own problems, once they have gained a self-worth of
One of Anderson et al.’s (2010) key points is summed up in the following statement: “The contextual view holds that psychotherapy orientations (and other forms of healing) are equivalent in their effectiveness because of factors shared by all” (p. 145). They posit that four key factors are responsible for this success: the healing setting, the therapeutic myth, rituals prescribed by the therapeutic myth, and an emotional relationship in which one person is able to confide in another (p. 145-152).
In the second part of the book Rogers speaks of his ideas of his theory of the person-centered approach to therapy. This is the part of the book that I felt really spoke to me. Person-centered theory is a lot of what I would like to do. I enjoy the ideas and concepts that Rogers presents in his theory. I think that it is extremely important to be able to take into consideration not only the diagnosis of the patient/client with whom you are working, but that it is more important to be able to take the time to sit back and to listen to them. I have realized in the year that I have been working in the psychiatric hospital how important it is for the patient/client to just sit back and listen to what it is they're saying to you. This however does not mean I am only hearing their words, but that I am listening at a much deeper level and actually he...
My theoretical orientation can best be described as a mixture of Person-centered therapy and feminist therapy. Where person-centered therapy is all about being aware of oneself and feminist therapy encourages personal empowerment. Those two together create a great theme of evolving to become something greater in life. I believe that human behavior is a result of feeling like you, have a sense of belonging in the world. Similar to what Maslow’s hierarchy, people need to feel a sense of love in order to be happy and confident in one’s self. Once they are content with themselves as result, they will project that same love towards others. When considering my approach, I want clients to be authentic and confident in who they are. The individual
His contributions to human behavior have changed many of the theories that preceded him, and his theory contributed to many theories that followed. I want to explore Client/Person Centered Therapy. This is a type of therapy that was pioneered by Carl Rogers. This therapy is different because as the name suggests it solely focuses on the client. ' In focusing on the client, the client’s feelings are deeply explored.
In existential the focus is on assisting individuals on becoming authors of their own lives with the philosophical framework of what it means to be human. Psychodrama allows individuals to explore problems through role play to develop new behavioral skills. Gestalt therapy warrants the here-and-now, bringing unfinished business to the present, allowing individuals to deal with those problems now. Person-centered approach concentrates on self-exploration, learning to accept one’s self, and determining avenues to take to change. Collectively, I found the most valuable and meaningful aspects of experiential and relationship oriented approaches to be self-exploration and bringing unfinished business to the present to help individuals deal with those problems
Mental disorders are dismissed by people today because they are internal. When a person has a cold they cough, when a person has sunburn they turn red or peel, but when a person has a mental disorder they… and that’s where the debate begins. Do mental disorders truly exist? What are the causes? As a result of mental disorders some people exhibit a change in behavior or do things outside of what is status quo. That leads me to my topic - the psychoanalytic approach vs. the humanistic approach. One supports and provides reasoning for mental disorders and specific behavior, while the other states that behavior is based off of personal decisions. Although both the psychoanalytic and the humanistic approaches are well developed theories it is conclusive that the psychoanalytic approach is more useful and instrumental in treating mental disorders.
...ent and society restricts them from expressing their inner selves. This approach does not label the individual with a diagnosis; it perceives every condition as unique (Abnormal Psychology, 2013 pp. 93). With person-centered therapy that Rogers developed, the person is encouraged to achieve their full potential. The client-centered therapy “reflects his belief that people are innately good and that the potential for self-improvement lies within the individual, rather than in the therapist or therapeutic technique” (Abnormal Psychology, 2013, pp.94).
The focus to self-actualize through the honest view on one’s own strengths and weakness. Roger’s humanistic theory believes that the basic human need is for positive regard. Is the person receives it they gain unconditional senesce of worth. If positive regard is not gained an individual would be incapable of self-actualization as they do not know what they need. Roger’s therapy is client centered and provides an environment in which unconditional positive is received, is genuine, and have empathy.
Reflecting on the Person-Centered Therapy, it is similar to the Existential Therapy because it focuses on the client/therapist relationship, where the therapist needs to be totally genuine, empathetic and non-judgmental toward their clients in order to gain the client’s trust. I like the fact that the Person-Centered Therapy views the client as their best authority on their own experience, and being fully capable of fulfilling their own potential for growth. I also like the fact that the therapist is non-directive, does not give advice and there is no specific technique involved. Person Centered Therapy can basically develop their own technique as their relationship develop with the client.
According to Shebib, 2014, “he believed in the importance of seeing each other as “becoming” and created a belief in the capacity of people to change”. He believed his clients are not bound by their past and that clients must be seen for their potential, their strengths, inner power and their capacity to change (Shebib, 2014). Rogers had his own methods, and they were based on the premise that if the right or core conditions are present, then change is possible. He also said that core conditions act to speed the natural process of heeling or recovery from psychological pain or problem (Shebib, 2014). When a councilor displays these core conditions, the potential for change and a positive relationship with clients increase. The three core conditions Rogers had been unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness (Shebib, 2014). This theory also proposed that the therapeutic relationship is the guidance in counselling (Stulmaker & Ray, 2015). Person centered theory offers a new way of looking at a person and their development, as well as how someone can be assisted in their change. This theory allows for the client to make their own changes in the right conditions, and to allow them to have their own thoughts on themselves, and not the opinion of others (Capuzzi, & Stauffer 2016). This allows for the client to have their own confidence letting them grow in