Pseudopregnancy is a common phenomenon that occurs in the intact female dog that is not pregnant during the diestrus or anestrus time of their estrous cycle. Pseudopregnancy can be characterized by swelling of the mammary glands, swelling of the abdomen, milk production and a change in the female’s behavior such as mothering of objects or other animals, restlessness, aggression, nesting and anorexia, (Hermo, 631). For the subordinate female gray wolf this phenomenon is a typical behavior to take care of the young pups while the alpha female, and only female to mate and give birth to young, is out hunting for food for the pack. This process has been evolved through the gray wolf being a very social animal with a monogamous alpha male and female that will be the only mating pair in the pack to produce offspring; they are also the leaders of the pack that lead all hunting expeditions, (ASA, 251-259). The domestic dog that a majority of the citizens living in the United States of America now have as house pets and that many people consider to be a part of the family are descendants of the wolf. Though there are many different breeds of dogs in the world all of them share the wolf as a common ancestor, but they live a very different life style than that of their ancestors (Ehresman, 1). What kind of effects might their shared phenomenon of pseudo pregnancy have on the dogs we all know and love that undergo this syndrome without the need to care for any pups?
Domestic dogs are not like gray wolves in many ways. A major difference between domestic dogs that live as peoples’ pets and wolves that live in packs is that dogs are not on a restricted diet like their distant relative the wolf. Wolves do not always have enough food and are forc...
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...rus, Pregnancy and Pseudopregnancy in the Labrador Bitch." Theriogenology 27.6 (1987): 827-40. UW Libraries Proxy Service. Research Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, June 1987. Web. 05 Nov. 2013.
Ehresman, Dan. "Gray Wolf." Econews 42.1 (2012): 1. Proquest. Northcoast Environmental Center, Feb.-Mar. 2012. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.
Hermo, G., PG Gerez, AM Dragonetti, and C. Gobello. "Effect of Short-Term Restricted Food Intake on Canine Pseudopregnancy." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44.4 (2009): 631-33. Ebscohost. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.
Tsutsui, T., N. Kirihara, T. Hori, and P.W. Concannon. "Plasma Progesterone and Prolactin Concentrations in Overtly Pseudopregnant Bitches: A Clinical Study." Theriogenology 67.5 (2007): 1032-038. UW Libraries Proxy Service. 15 Mar. 2007. Web. 06 Nov. 2013.
Even though mice reproduce so rapidly, it is still not 100% certain that pregnancy will occur
The gray wolf, Canis lupus, on Isle Royal is a small ever fluctuating population. On the endangered species list since 1978, the gray wolf has recently been taken off the endangere...
When the word “domestication” is used when talking about dogs, most people have the misconception that humans brought dogs into their homes on purpose, and that is was something they did consciously. However, after reading about Hare’s research it is easy to understand that this
A wolf pack is, at its foundation, simply a family, with the parents (alphas) guiding the activities of the group. Hence, it is easy to believe that dogs are able to bond with human families, especially when the alphas are already parents. The parents view the dog as one of their children, one who remains dependent and will never leave or criticize them (Rogers 1), and in the same manner, the dog views the human parents as if they were his actual parents and as a result, loves and trusts them with his life gladly following them, not once questioning their decisions or actions. For these reasons, humans have found release in the company of dogs because dogs do not judge. By way of example, Sigmund Freud was notably a bad singer and as a result, never sang in public, however he often hummed an aria while petting his dog (Rogers 2). In the presence of dogs, our need to self-censor our words and actions vanishes (Rogers 2). Ultimately, dogs and human beings are able to form such strong emotional bonds through love and
Every year an estimated 4.5 million dog bites occur in the U.S. BSL (Breed Specific Legislation) is a law that suggests that certain breeds are more prone to aggression than others. By banning or restricting the breeds in question, it is believed to help reduce the number of attacks. BSL determines which breeds are dangerous using statistics. These statistics cannot be relied on for two reasons. One, there is no concrete method to determine a dog’s pedigree. Thus, a victim, animal control officer, or owner is trusted with identifying the dog through appearance. According to Scott and Fuller, authors of Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog, “It has been known for decades that the cross-bred offspring of purebred dogs of different breeds often bear little or no resemblance to either their sires or dams (1965).” Visual assessments are questionable. Two, population is not accounted for. Population is important, in that it provides context to percentages. Because a dog’s breed is impossible to pinpoint, we cannot provide numbers. BSL’s cause is rendered useless when we consider these points.
Mader,T.R. Wolf reintroduction in the Yellowstone National Park: a historical perspective. Common Man Institute. 1998. 26 pgs.
The habitat of the Arctic wolf is a very harsh place. The temperature must be below zero degrees. There are tundra, rolling hills, glacier valleys, ice fields, shallow lakes, and green flatlands (Arctic/Antarctic: The Arctic Wolf). These snowy white creators don’t have that many places to live. Arctic wolves used to be everywhere in North America, but sadly now they are reduced to Canada, Alaska, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Wisconsin, and Wyoming (Arctic/Antarctic: The Arctic Wolf). Arctic wolves are one of the most dangerous types of wolves; people need to find a way to save them and their habitat before they disappear forever.
A growing number of studies have attempted to support the theory that cats and dogs differ in their personality attributes. Several common factors have emerged across these studies, such as difference among social behaviours. Higher levels of dominance and hostility have been reported among domestic cats (as cited in Fonberg, 1985). Not surprisingly, domesticated dogs are higher in submissive behaviours (as cited in Marder, 1989). Woodward et al. also reflect upon previously held theories of companion animal attachment that suggest attachment is mediated by the needs of the owner and the characteristics of their pet.
“An Examination of Animal Experiments.” Physician Committee for Responsible Medicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. .
The inadequate knowledge of dog psychology in owners not only unveils their neglect of responsibility, but models their poor assessment in dog behavior pertaining to the individual breed; in addition, it confirms their shortage of precautionary measures to suppress aggression within the dog. In Don Kapp’s “It’s More About Owner Than Dog,” owners overlook their incapacity to meet the desires of the certain breed. When a person acquires an animal, its essential to acknowledge all “responsibility.” And by this, owners must study about the precise breed, it’s personality type and be able train and “socialize” them. Some owners however, discount the need to adjust early signs of disobedient behavior during the peak “first five months,” where suitable behavior of a dog can be conditioned. Owners tend to treat all dogs alike, yet not all dogs are created equal. All dogs have an intensity of aggression; nevertheless, it is the responsibility of the owner to warrant that they attain solutions to contain that aggression. Trevino and Shuit’s “Mauling Death of Boy by Dog Spurs Warning,” exemplifies the need of owners to inhibit aggression within a dog before it directs to maulings. “Payaso,” a male pit bull conceivably “lulls” owners with affection leading them to believe the animal is normal.
...tion, including their initial evolution, their domestication, and the roles they played in human society throughout the ages. It is a relatively new book being published in 2010. Darcy Morey, the author of this book is a zooarchaeologist and focuses his research on the relationship between dogs and humans throughout time. He is a graduate of the University of Tennessee. This book is based on the authors own research and also refers to the information gathered by many other scientists, all of which are listed in the reference section of the book. As mentioned this book contains the results of research from many scientists and is beneficial for learning both general and more scientific knowledge on the subject. I would recommend it to anybody who is conduction a research on the topic. This book was found using I-Share using the search term the domestication of dogs.
The grey wolf has been transformed into what we, today, call a dog. After years of traveling with humans, the wolf began to change and became adapted and tame enough to socialize with humans. The environment it was placed into was one of the causes for change, and another was the role it played for humans.
Although sterilization could be beneficial in some ways, there were several complications. Studies showed that sterilization could cause tumors, cancers, behavioral issues, canine cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries, and several other diseases. There were numerous factors which affected the extent of the risks, including sex, age in which the procedure was performed, and the size of the dog (Thornton, 2008). It had also been proven that “not all behaviours are affected by gonadectomy [early neutering]. Those most commonly affected are sexually dimorphic behaviours… [and] aggression may or may not be affected” (Kustritz). Sterilization of animals could not only be detrimental to their health, but could also be ineffective in fixing the aggression that Alter hopes to eliminate. Alter did not offer another solution to combat the “issue” with pit bulls. The oversimplification of the solution caused some individuals to question whether there was truly a problem that needed
Biomedical Research | Animal Use Research. N.p., n.d. Web. The Web. The Web. 19 Apr. 2014.
The transition to the diet of the original dog as a result of beginning the relationship with humans could be attributed to the changes identified between the modern dog and original dog (wolf). The canids remain recovered in yet cave, in Belgium where Upper Paleolithic artifacts were discovered along with other object are considered to be domesticated dogs. The domestication of dog could have been driven by human need for help with herding, hunting, and early warning while the dog benefited from companionship and reliable source of food