Prostate cancer has been the number one diagnosed cancer today. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in every ten American men will develop prostate cancer during his lifespan. This cancer has been very common in the last few years. American Cancer Society reported over 200,000 new cases of prostate cancer. Huge number of population suffered severely. The prostate is significant for reproduction. It helps the substances that are involved in fertilization and transporting of sperm as well as survival. Prostate tumor is developed in the prostate gland, which is found in the men’s reproductive system. Prostate is the size of a walnut, which is located inferiorly in the penis and anterior to the rectum. It contains the connective tissue, which includes the glandular and fibrous tissues. This tumor starts to develop during their adolescent year due to the control of the male reproductive hormones. When the tumor starts to develop, it begins at the urethra, which is a tube that releases the urine from the bladder. The tumor is a slow development yet it is contagious to the other parts of the body, such as it does affect the pelvic bones, lungs, liver, and the lower vertebrae (Zenka, 2009).
The environment of those who are diagnosed with prostate cancer is as important as their diet. The uncontrollable development of the tumor occurs when the cells are no longer equalized. Another factor that plays crucial role in the tumor is the family history. Those with a prior family history of prostate cancer, has higher chances of getting this cancer. There are other factors that may involves in developing this tumor. There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. The process of cancer involve tissues, the lymphatic...
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...ate cancer are the quality of life, medical care, and nutrition. I have learned that scientists are coming up with broader and unique treatments of this cancer. One other factor that I encountered while researching was that African American men were more likely to develop this cancer due to the lack of resources to help themselves.
References
American Cancer Society. (2016, March 22). Retrieved May 21, 2016
Chodak, G. W. (2015, October 15). Prostate Cancer. Retrieved May 25, 2016
Rogers, L. Q., & Courneya, K. S. (2008, January 22). Lifestyle behaviors, obesity, and perceived health among men with and without a diagnosis of prostate cancer: A population-based, cross-sectional study. Retrieved May 21, 2016
Zenka, D. (2012, October 05). African Americans: At Higher Risk for Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF). Retrieved May 25, 2016
Over the past decade breast cancer has become one of the most predominant diseases in the United States. Breast cancer starts out as a malignant tumor in the tissues of the breast which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but it can also appear in men. (Stephan, 2010)
Cancer is the term used to describe a group of diseases consisting of hundreds of ailments and although there exists so many different types of cancer, they all begin in a similar way. The body is made up of over a trillion cells, and cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malfunctioning cells in the body (Dawson, 1996). “Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries” (American Cancer Society, 2012).
Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of world-wide cancer-related death in men after lung cancer (WCRF International), and in Australia, it accounts for 30% of all new cancers in men and 13.4% of all cancer deaths in men (Cancer Australia). Currently, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is the most commonly used serum biomarker for prostate cancer most routinely used by urologists. However, PSA-based screening has been shown to have high false positives and false negatives with low specificity, and it is not able to distinguish well between cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia or between indolent and aggressive cancers, thus leading to overtreatment, especially unnecessary biopsies (Otero) (Qian). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new specific biomarker for the early detection of prostate cancer, and effective biomarkers will be able to reduce morality rates and appropriate clinical interventions can be applied.
According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer health disparities are defined as the adverse differences between specific populations and the achievement of an optimal state of health. These population groups are categorized by geographic location, income, disability, age, education, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or race. These factors correlate with cancer mortality rates that impact specific population groups in the United States, cancer prevalence is the number of people diagnosed or living with cancer, and cancer incidence which is the number of new cancer cases in a population. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2013, there were an estimated 1,660,290 new cases of cancer and 580,350 of the new cases resulted in mortality. Individuals who have limited access to healthcare, health illiterate, and poverty stricken are more likely to develop cancer. This means a person’s socioeconomic status can determine the likelihood of their probability of developing cancer
There aren’t that many causes of testicular cancer. But there are a couple of risk factors, which are: undescended testicles, family history, HIV infection, and race too. Undescended testicles are when your testicles do not go to your scrotum before you were born. This increases the chances of being diagnosed with testicular cancer by several times. Also, family history also increases your risk of being diagnosed with this cancer. If a man has it, it is not surprising if his sons or brothers also develop testicular cancer. In addition, HIV is the only infection known to increase the risk of contracting testicular cancer. Lastly, it is statically proven that men living in Asia and Africa are the least affected by testicular cancer. There is no known reason why this is, but it is just proven that males living in the United States and Europe are diagnosed with testicular cancer more than any other males from other countries. Testicular cancer has no real known cause and it can’t really be prevented because all of the things that increase the risk aren’t really in your control. It is also proven that physical activity d...
Cancer cells have spread to lymph nodes near or far from the prostate, or to other organs and tissues, such as the liver or lungs.
To begin, cancer starts to form when abnormal cells grow. Abnormal cells form when the DNA, is damaged. The fewer the amount of abnormal cells, the more treatable the cancer will be. In normal cells, the damaged DNA either gets repaired, or dies. In cancer cells, the damaged DNA doesn’t get repaired or dies like normal cells. The damaged cell instead replicates itself. It is difficult to understand exactly why or how cancer starts to grow, but common reasons can be from sun exposure or cigarette smoking. Cancer cells usually form a tumor. A type of cancer where a tumor doesn’t form is Leukemia. On the other hand, not all tumors are cancerous. There are benign and malignant tumors or masses. Benign tumors cannot spread to other organs of the body, but can be on the larger side and press on other organs. Benign tumors are not cancerous, but can still instill problems. Benign tumors can become malignant, or cancerous, after a period of time. Malignant tumors are the ones that are cancerous from the very beginning. This ...
Cancer is a deadly disease that has some very serious effects on a person both physically and mentally. Cancer can result in a simple surgery that may take only a couple days, or a life-long struggle that leaves someone so fatigued and tired that it makes them want to give up. It will put fear in anyone's eyes and will devastate even the strongest of people, but cancer can bring out the courageousness in a person to fight this disease and not give up. It can be a fatal disease but it can also bring out the strength in someone which is an amazing thing. Cancer has many serious effects on a person's body and their mental health and others, but can also inspire a person to dig deep and fight this disease with all their heart.
... to develop. In adult males the most frequently diagnosed cancer is prostate cancer, which is diagnosed in one out of every seven men. Prostate cancer is a cancer that contains familial tendencies, when past generations of an individual have been diagnosed, the likelihood of inheriting it is greatly increased. Though the most frequent cancer found in adult males, prostate cancer does not cause the most fatalities from cancers in adult males. When treated early and correctly, the cancer is not commonly fatal, and less than 3% of American males with prostate cancer die from the illness itself (Prostate Cancer 5).
This type of cancer happens in men, it affects the testicles and it is most commonly known to affect males aged 15 to 44 years old.
Cancer is where cells will divide out of control without stopping. Since cancer cells are always dividing, they don’t function properly. A group of cancer cells creates a malignant tumor. Malignant tumors can metastasize to different parts of the body through the blood stream and the lymphatic system. When cancer metastasizes it spreads to other parts of the body like bones, muscles, and other organs. Prostate cancer causes a tumor in the prostate gland. Only men are able to get prostate cancer because women don’t have prostates. The prostate gland is found behind the penis and in front of the rectum. The prostate gland is used when you are married and trying to create children; the prostates job is to create seminal fluid. As prostate
Cancer is a disease that affects human somatic cells. It causes the cells to divide uncontrollably and form masses known as tumors. There are two different types of cancer tumors. Some tumors are benign and other tumors are malignant. Benign tumors look similar to the tissues that they came from and develop slowly. The tumor remains in the same area that the tumor originated in. Malignant tumors are formed from cells that do not resemble the tissue that they came from. They vary in shape and size. This enables pieces of the tumor to break off and spread to other places in the body. Over the past few decades cancer has become a very prominent disease. There are many different types of cancer and many different causes for the the disease. Most cancers are because of a genetic mutation. The most common type occur when a cell is dividing. Proto-oncogenes, which are alleles in a normal cells, mutate to form oncogenes. These oncogenes cause cancer because they do not allow the cells to self destruct or become epistatic. There have been several research projects which have been testing epistatis.
The sixth most common cancer in the world is prostate cancer. African American men of the United States are said to have the highest rates. According to Dr. Henrik Grönberg, there are dietary factors that are associated with prostate cancer. High intakes of fat, meat, and dairy products, a western lifestyle, are associated with prostate cancer. In addition, products that are tomato-based are associated with the reduced risk of prostate cancer. Other studies have also suggested that men who had high intakes of lycopene had a 16% lower risk than men who had a lower intake (Grönberg, 2003).
Today, prostate cancer is usually detected through screening, and there are two methods for early detection. The prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) is used, but there are many factors that can influence the outcome of the PSA test. Medications such as antihistamines, physical exertion or recent ejaculation can raise a PSA level (Gray, 2009). The test itself was intended for staging the presence of known prostate cancer and is less reliable when used alone (Oliver, 2007).
Prostate cancer, a very common cancer, is considered as one of the most dangerous diseases and it has a very high death percentage. A research suggested that one in seven men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lives CITATION Wal14 \l 1033 [1]. It is believed that there are three challenges in prostate cancer research. These challenges are risk assessment, differential diagnosis of aggressive and non-aggressive cancer, and developing new treatments for advanced disease. During the last decade, a lot of research has been carried out to understand the reasons, symptoms and treatment of Prostate cancer. Previously it was difficult to diagnose and treat prostate cancer, but recently tremendous progress has been made. Cancer cells have ability to grow uncontrollably. They can migrate from primary lesion and can create metastases in distant tissues. There is a lot of evidence available that suggests that alternative splicing, a process that allows the production of several mRNA variants from each gene, is responsible for the heterogeneity of the disease. The International Research Agency for Cancer has been working on estimating global cancer burden for last three