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danger of hacking
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effect of internet hacking
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Proposal in Criminal protection of the electronic contracts in Saudi Arabia System
A comparative analytic study
Presented by
Introduction
The use of modern technology in the Internet enable rapid information exchange among people, which never experienced by human before. This notion encouraged many individuals prefer to end their trade contracts and legal actions through online network trade. Although, electronic commerce mainly depend on the computer system and the use of this technique showed many problems in the scientific and legal levels of network transactions. However, the emergence of the internet hackers made major effects on both local and international levels. In particular, many people claim that poor legislations and law enforcement create incentives for internet hackers to intensify their fraudulent activities on the Internet. In general, the computer crime and criminal information law are relatively young phenomena. A historical analysis of internet crimes indicate that each new development of computer technology followed by corresponding crime adaptation and consequently laws to controls them.
In Saudi Arabia and during the last few years been noticed that the internet frauds are soaring up continuously among wide sectors of population. The bad use of internet technology brings the attention of State, international organizations and the legal systems in Saudi Arabia to stop the breach of law. This type of crime exists in Saudi Arabia, like other countries in the world, so the government sought to develop new legislation to protect electronic transactions and e-contracts so the internet users trade safely in the net. Hence, the government imposed sanctions against criminals to limit the mi...
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...(Islamic law) to that of British law we can get a sound picture about best methods in controlling the internet crime to safeguard the business for traders.
Reference:
1& 2. E-commerce and the law: http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCES&itemId=1075385095.
3. Hegazy, Abdel-Fattah Bayoumi, An electronic signature in the legal systems of comparison, the Dar Al-Fikr Alexandria University, first edition 2004 Page 15.
4. Al-Nasser, Abdullah bin Ibrahim: Electronic contracts, Journal of Contemporary Jurisprudence Research, Number 73, October 2004.
5. Fahmy, Khaled Mustafa: The legal regime of the electronic signature in the light of legislation and international conventions, Alexandria, house of the new university, 2007.
6. Iabadat, Lawrence Muhammad: A proof editor-mail, published Ph.D. thesis, Amman-Jordan: House of Culture, 2005.
Gunther, G. (1991). Constitutional Law. Twelfth Edition. New York: The Foundation Press, Inc. pp. 1154-1161.
...head?: Norms, freedom and acceptable terms in internet contracting’ (2010) 14 Journal of Internet Law 18-31
Andreas F Lowenfield, “Looking Back and Looking Ahead,” The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 83, No. 2, April 1989, p. 336-341.
That way the criminal identity would be secured. Moreover, the author states that the industry of cybercrime has grown as much as the weapon and drug trafficking industry. Cybercriminals are making a great deal of money by offering their services. According to the article, some of the services offered by these kind criminals are sending unsolicited messages, writing malware and hosting for other criminals who need Web presence. These services are available for anyone willing to pay for them. Filshtinskiy further states that arresting cybercriminals is a difficult process. It requires a lot of time and resources. Also, some security companies say that many government agencies are involved in cybercrime. Laws reducing freedom of information on the internet has been passed by political leaders. However, most of these attacks are not performed by government agencies, but by criminal enterprises. Finally the author explains that one way to oppose these crimes is by removing their ability to offer and delivery
As the Internet has become more widely recognized and used by people all over the world, it has brought a new medium in which information can very easily be broadcast to everyone with access to it. In 1995 there was a projected 26 million Internet users, which has grown to almost 300 million today. One major problem with this is that everyone represents different countries and provinces which have different outtakes on certain types of freedom of speech as well as different laws about it. This proposes a new type of law that would need to be written in order to determine whether or not something is illegal on the Internet. A person in one country can express what they want to, but that expression may be illegal in another country and in this situation whose laws are to be followed? What I propose to do accomplish in this paper is to discuss the freedom of speech laws of the United States of America and those of France, China, and Canada. I will examine what about them is similar and what about them is different. The bringing of the Internet has brought many new types of businesses as well as ways in order to communicate with the world, but as with each new endeavor or invention, there needs to be a way in order to govern its use and policies. There must also be ways in order to punish those not following the new laws and policies of use, since that the country that the person is in may allow what they did, but it may not be allowed on the Internet or in a different country. In other words, there is the need for international laws governing the Internet.
Kabay, M. E. "Anonymity and Pseudonymity in Cyberspace: Deindividuation, Incivility and Lawlessness Versus Freedom and Privacy." Conference of European Institute for Computer Anti-virus Research 8 Mar. 1998.
Every day millions in some cases billions of dollars are made by businesses from income brought in by online sale of products and services. As businesses continually develop and expand their client base with online products and services so does the desire by criminals to exploit vulnerabilities in their e-commerce setup. The mass worldwide internet usage growth within the last 20 years has been “an approximate 16 million users in 1995 to an estimated 2,937 million in March of 2014” As the importance of e-commerce increases so does the need to protect the technological infrastructure that will carry out online transactions for each business regardless of its size. I will attempt to highlight and review the history of a few cyber crimes to show the progression of the crimes within the last 30-40 years. I also plan to review how the economy and consumers are impacted by cyber crimes. Finally I will make an effort to contribute with information gathering on how to lower the risk of a cyber attack from and individual user to a large scale business.
As can be seen, from the information presented, the need for laws and restrictions concerning internet data collection is greatly needed. Moreover, the government can search private citizens data without warrant or cause. Also, companies are not only collecting internet user data but also selling it. The companies and agencies who commit such crimes should be fined or either closed down. In closing, the privacy and security of individuals on the internet should be upheld by the United States government.
Morris-Cotterill, Nigel. (1999, August). Use and Abuse of the Internet in Fraud and Money Laundering. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 13(2), 211-229.
Spinello, R., 2000, Cyber Ethics: Morality and Law in Cyberspace, eds., New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
While some observers see these developments as signs of the impending ‘end of privacy’ and the rise of ‘surveillance society’ (Castells, 2001; Lyon, 2001), others point to the insufficiency and, ultimately, the futility of governmental interference in cyberspace. The Internet has, right from the beginning, challenged conventional notions of policing and sovereignty which are inevitably linked with territoriality; also this challenge is coming from multiple directions, most important from transnational organized crime. The problem of governing a global space is magnified in cyberspace because, here, social interaction is free from the constrictions of physical space. As illustrated by the case of child pornography, the victim and the offender may be located in different countries. Unlike most ‘real world’ crimes, cybercrime does not require physical proximity between the victim and the offender. The lack of ‘physical’ evidence and the lack of spatial connections make these types of crimes especially difficult to investigate (Brenner, 2007). Policing of the Internet marks an important shift from the policing of territory to the ‘policing of suspect populations’ (Sheptycki, 2002a). Information and communication technologies fundamentally transform the very way in which policing is practiced. Policing cyberspace not only demands inter-governmental intervention, but also needs to organize a number of responsibilization policies on the part of the users of Internet and the service providers. The idea of ‘plural policing’ and the diffusion of regulatory tasks is therefore one of the hallmarks of cyber-governance (Jewkes, 2003).
Novakovic, J. (2012). Responsibility in Application of ICT as Legal, Moral and Ethical Issues. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.libaccess.hud.ac.uk/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6419151
The Internet is a connection of computers across the world through a network. Its origin dates back to the 1960s when the U.S Military used it for research, but it became more available to the public from the late 1980s. The World Wide Web was created in 1989 and browsers began appearing in the early 1990s. Over the last 24 years, the Internet has enabled people to shop, play, do research, communicate and conduct business online. It has also become cheaper and faster in performing different tasks. As much as the Internet has done immeasurable good to society, it has also dominated people’s lives and brought with it an array of cybercrimes. According to Nicholas Carr in his book The Shallows: How the Internet is Changing the Way we Think, Read and Remember (Carr, 2010). He debates on whether the Internet has done more harm than good. People use the Internet daily to exchange accurate information and constantly personal data such as credit cards, passwords and Social Security numbers are travelling through the network from one computer to another. With security measures put in place on the Internet, personal information remains confidential. But unfortunately, criminals have adapted to innovations in technology, and today, more people are increasingly becoming victims of cybercrime. The Internet has had profound effects on the public, both positive and negative. In this paper we will examine how access to personal information has led to an increase in online and offline crimes. The essay will particularly focus on ecommerce and hacking.
In today's society, many aspects of crime committed on a regular basis. Civilians take advantage of people all the time using online resources such as a fraudulent website requiring credit card information to get a free monthly trial. Other examples of cyber crimes are online chatting website, full of predators or websites needing a downloadable program that contains a hacking virus. Sadly, there are many cases of cyber crime all over the internet. The acts of cyber crimes are considered violent acts like any other. Every day citizens are constantly losing money and being victimized due to these fraudulent activities. Cyber crime, including fraud, identity theft, stalking, and hacking, is a growing problem which can be prevented by taking the proper precautions.
Cybercrime is a global issue plaguing the world. The dictionary defines cybercrime as “crime conducted via the Internet or some other computer network”(Merriam-Webster). The definition remains very broad because the word “cyber” is defined as “relating to the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality.” Due to the growing number of people gaining access to the internet, rapid development of technology, and the globalization of the world, more of the world population is becoming susceptible to involvement in cybercrime – whether it be as a victim or a criminal. Cybercrime involves different levels of the world on both the victim and criminal side from an individual citizen, to small groups, businesses, and the government, to the countries of the world. There are different groups from law enforcement agencies to the U.S. Secret Service, that are attempting to combat the problem through cooperation and preemptive efforts. If these groups combined with the public to protect themselves and the country from criminals that commit cybercrime, the nation’s network and technology servers would be much safer for technology users. Clearly, cybercrime is a problem because it puts internet users at risk of being taken advantage of or harmed.