FA=637kg/m3
V= [W+C/Sc+1/(1-P)×CA/SCA]
[160+360/(2.96)+1/(1-0.35)×CA/(2.70)] = 980
CA=1226 kg/m3
Mix Proportion Calculations: The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete is as follows
Volume of concrete = 1 m3
Volume of cement = 360/2.97 X 1/1000 = 0.121m3
Volume of water = = (180÷1) × (1÷1000) = 0.180 m3 Volume of all in aggregate = [1-(0.121+ 0.180)] = 0.699 m3
Mass of coarse aggregate = 0.699X 0.60 X 2.70 X 1000 = 1133 kg/m3
Mass of fine aggregate = 0.699 X 0.40 X 2.60 X 1000 = 726.96kg/m3
Table 18 M20 Control Mix
Kg/ m3 for M20 grade of Concrete
Water cement ratio 0.50
Cement 360
Water 180
Fine aggregate 726.96
Coarse aggregate (Total)
20mm
10mm 1133 679.48
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The cement samples, on arrival at the laboratory, were thoroughly mixed dry either by hand in such a manner as to ensure the greatest possible blending and uniformity in the material, care is being taken to avoid the intrusion of foreign matter. The cement was stored in a dry place.
Figure 12 Preparation of Materials Mixing of concrete
The concrete batch was mixed in a drum mixer using the following procedure:
The cement and fine aggregate mixed dry until the mixture is thoroughly blended and is uniform in color.
The coarse aggregate then added and mixed with the cement and fine aggregate until the coarse aggregate is uniformly distributed throughout the batch, and
The water shall then be added and the entire batch mixed until the concrete appears to be homogenous and has the desired consistency.
Figure 13 Mixing of concrete Casting of
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The concrete was filled into the mould in layers approximately 5 cm deep. In placing each scoopful of concrete, the scoop shall be moved around the top edge of the mould as the concrete slides from it, in order to ensure a symmetrical distribution of the concrete within the mould. Cube was compacted on vibration.
Curing of Test Specimens:
The test specimens were stored in concrete laboratory of civil engineering department of MITS, Gwalior at a place free from vibration for 24 hours + ½ hour from the time of adding the water to the other ingredients. The temperature of the place of storage was within the range of 220c to 320C. After the period of 24 hours, sample were marked for later identification, removed from the moulds, stored in clean water at a temperature of 240c to 300C.
Figure 15 Curing of
A: The reaction with water and vinegar was the most useful in this experiment. The physical properties were very self explanatory because the texture of the powders was all different expect icing sugar and cornstarch. Also the Ph levels were very similar of six and seven for corn starch and icing sugar respectively. d) Q: How confident do you feel about your identification of the
The technique used to narrow down the identity of unknown white compound were solubility test, pH test, flame test, and ion test. The first technique used to narrowed the properties of unknown white compound was using solubility test. To conduct solubility test, 0.25 gram of unknown white compound was dissolved in 100 mL of water. After carefully observing the change while string unknown white compound in water, the unknown white compound was soluble because it dissolved in water completely. Using bursen burner, matches and deionized water, flame test was conducted for unknown compound and it burned lilac color. Then compared the color of unknown white compound to other compound that were narrowed. The results of flame test for compounds that were narrowed down is shown in the following table. The pH test was conducted using litmus paper. 0.50 gram of unknown white compound was measured and dissolved in 10 mL of water in beaker. After dissolving, placed the litmus paper in solution and recorded the pH value of unknown compound which was neutral. Then compared the pH value of unknown white compound to compound that were narrow down. The pH result of the KCL, KNO3, NaCl, and K2SO4 is presented in the following table. The ion test was also conducted in order to make sure that the identity of unknown white compound was matched with the compound that were narrow down. After conducting the test, the result of unknown white compound which formed precipitate compared to KCl, KNO3,NaCl, and K2SO4. The results shown in the following
Transfer this to the vegetables and mash until you have a thick consistency on the mixture.
Many people go through tough struggles in their lives, but no one really sees it, and most of the time no one really cares. The Rose That Grew From Concrete was written by Tupac Shakur. In this poem the author uses conflict, the characters, and mood to illustrate that just because something shouldn’t happen doesn’t mean that it won’t happen.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was employed extensively through want this study to examine and obtain images of prepared samples. The associated analytical facility of Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis was used to identify and quantify the elemental composition of the prepare samples.
After that bolt the slide dry with bibulous paper. After that examine the slide under the oil immersion lens. After determining the Gram stain reaction, 18 specific biochemical tests were performed for further analysis. The way of biochemical test was different but need to incubate at 37 degree Celsius. Phenol red lactose, phenol red dextrose, phenol red sucrose, methyl red, voges-proskauer, citrate utilization test, urea hydrolysis, and nitrate reduction are the media which are in test tube as liquid. Which were use Inoculating loop to deep tube with assigned bacteria. Triple sugar iron, and citrate utilization are in slant and we use Inoculating needle to deep tube with assigned bacteria. Again, starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis, lipid hydrolysis, oxidase test and catalase test were test from agar plate which use inoculating loop. For those media, which were in agar plate, inoculate with loop by making a line streak down the center of the agar. After that all 18 medias need to incubate at 37 degree Celsius for 48 hours. After 48 hours, some media show bacteria’s characteristics and morphology without adding extra reagent. Some media need reagent to examine morphology and physiology. Experiment such as MRVP needs methyl red, Barritt’s A, and Barritt’s
they're not. Concrete is to cement as a cake is to flour. Concrete is a mixture
(Mazzassa – Lea's science). Calcium silicate hydrate is the fundamental result of lime-pozzolan response. Calcium aluminous hydrate, hydrated gehlenite, calcium carboaluminate, ettringite and calcium aluminous monosulfate are a percentage of alternate items that outcome from the lime-pozzolan response notwithstanding calcium silicate hydrate. (Admixtures for cement T.erdogan). The hydration between slica of pozzolans and calcium hydroxide are given by mathematical statement.
Water (125 ml) was added to the solution then cooled in an ice bath for 10 minutes. The brown crystals (2) were collected by vacuum filtration and dried (2.407 g, 5.37 mmol, 90.3%
to be done. This was to find out what amount of each liquid would be
About 1 gm. coarse powder was weighted and transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 100 ml of water. It was maintained at moderate boiling for 30 minute on water bath. It was cool and filtered in to a 100 ml volumetric flask. Volume was diluted by adding sufficient amount of water. The decoction was poured in test tube, and then shaken in a lengthwise motion for 15 seconds. They were allowed stand for 15 minutes and the height of foam was measured to determine the foaming index.
mixture and then the mixture was boiled for a further period until it was concentrated
Through investigating the various properties of Cement/Concrete/Mortar, Glass, and Ceramics/Porcelain I have come to understand the chemical composition, type of bond, structure, and the daily use of each of the substances. Cement is composed of calcium which usually is acquired from limestone and silicon which is usually from sand, shale or clay (aluminosilicates). The structure of cement is in between the two extremes of an ionic and a covalent model. It is between an ionic oxide lattice and a tetrahedral covalent network. Cement when wet or when dry has both cohesive and adhesive properties. Concrete is created through the mixture of cement (filler), fine and coarse aggregate (binder), and water. With the characteristics of these materials, concrete’s type of bond attributes to its high thermal insulation properties and the strength of the material itself. Concrete is used for building materials and due to its thermal insulation properties as insulators. Mortar is a mixture of cementitious materials, water, and aggregate. For commercial use in buildings and constructions, it is useful by having water retentivity and its strength after stiffening and hardening. In addition, the content in the mortar of cement as well as air content affects the strength of the tensile bond between the mortar and the masonry. Due to the materials that compose mortar, it developed a chemical structure that is similar to its components. Also, in daily use, mortar is used for construction for buildings to attach segments together.
The SCC is that which gets compacted due to its self weight and is de-aerated (no entrapped air) almost completely while flowing in the form work. In densely reinforced structural members, it fills completely all the voids and maintains the horizontality of concrete surface after placi...