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Project management theory
Role of project management in achieving project success
Project management concepts and advantages
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The history of project management can be dated back in 1950s when organizations started to use a systematic approach towards complex engineering projects (Winter et al., 2006). Nowadays, the use of project management is largely appraised and adopted both in private and public sector. However, with the improvement in techniques, projects still often fail due to various reasons. As Perminova et al., (2008, p.73) argue, project management is evolving into “an ongoing process rather than a planning tool, stressing on real performance, accumulative learning, continuous improvement and customer-centric service, instead of conformance to timing, scope, quality and budget.” This implies a more and more complex and comprehensive approach towards project management. Thus, the importance of monitoring and evaluation is highlighted ensuring a more effective and efficient project throughout stages, a more consistent delivery of the plan and an acute sensing of risk identification and knowledge learning. Nevertheless, many approaches have been given trying to explain the actual purpose of monitoring and evaluating urban projects and discourse on the question whether improvements in techniques will lead to more successful projects is prevalent. This essay, by reviewing literature first and followed by two case studies in real practice, gives some thoughts to these issues discussed above. To understand the purpose of monitor and evaluation, it is first important to understand the meaning of and the difference between them. According to IFRC (2011 p.11), monitoring is “the routine collection and analysis of information to track progress against set plans and check compliance to established standards.” Project monitoring involves activities of col... ... middle of paper ... ...nd Wikstrom, K. (2008). Defining uncertainty in projects--a new perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 26(1), pp.73--79. Seasons, M. (2003). Monitoring and evaluation in municipal planning: considering the realities. Journal of the American Planning Association, 69(4), pp.430--440. Thornton, G., Ecorys, Loughborough University, and Oxford Economics, (2012). Meta-Evaluation of the Impacts and Legacy of the London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. London: Department for Culture, Media, and Sport, pp.1-40. Transport for London, (2008). Central London Congestion Charging. London: Transport for London, pp.1-227. Winter, M., Smith, C., Morris, P. and Cicmil, S. (2006). Directions for future research in project management: the main findings of a UK government-funded research network. International journal of project management, 24(8), pp.638--649.
"For the first time since the plantation days artists began to touch new material, to understand new tools and to accept eagerly the challenge of Black poetry, Black song and Black scholarship."1
Large and small businesses, governments, and schools strive to build the next new gadget, manage resources more efficiently, and teach or train in more creative ways. If they set out blindly on a task without proper oversight and thought about the process, then surely the result would be a dismal failure. Project management enables these entities, and various others, to carefully consider the many variables before, during, and after the project actually takes place. Project management refers to the careful planning, organization, and management through a single one-time activity. Projects are non-routine tasks that are set out to be accomplished for a specific amount of time (Trelles-Duckett & Lonergan , n.d.). Projects have an absolute
Projects are widely used by many organizations and government institutions in the course of conducting their business. One of the reasons for this is because they have been proven to be effective in initiating change and translating strategic programs into daily activities. However, it has been established that most projects fail to deliver on time, budget, and customer specifications. In most cases, this failure is caused by over-optimism by the project management team. This over-optimism commonly referred to as optimism bias can simply be defined as overestimating the projects benefits and conversely underestimating its cost and duration time. Research have portrayed that this is often caused by failure to properly identify, understand, and manage effectively the risk associated with the project therefore putting its success at jeopardy(Mott McDonald, 2002). Fortunately, this biasness can be detected and minimized during the project gateway process.
Every two years, millions of people around the world turn on their TV sets and watch the greatest athletes in the world compete for the greatest achievement any athlete can reach… The bronze, silver, and gold medals of the summer and winter Olympics. Those millions of people cheer mostly for their country and wear their favorite athlete’s jersey. They plan parties for their favorite events and make memories with every game. With all the hustle and bustle, people don’t stop to think about how the Olympics affect the town, city, state, and even world around it. How does it benefit? What does it cause? What does it leave behind? Who does it impact? So many questions can be thought up about how the Olympics impact the world. The two most talked about topics are the affects it has economically and socially. To find out where the entire hubbub began, one must travel back to the 6th century B.C. in ancient Greece.
Jugdev, K. (2012). Learning from Lessons Learned: Project Management Research Program. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration , 4(1), 13-22.
In today's business it is in the best interest of companies to have project managers. Common sense isn't always easily accomplished. Anyone who's ever worked on a project in a technical setting knows this. Indeed, much of working with others consists of solving unexpected problems and learning from mistakes along the way. Knowing this and having the proper tools a project manager will be able to manage and complete the most intense project out there.
The projects in today’s world are given a lot of importance and it will continue to grow in the coming years. There are a lot of companies which do not have production, but all of them do have projects. There are a lot of books which have been published on which related to planning and managing the projects. The one of the most important one was published by the author Eli Goldratt in his book ‘Critical chain’. This book basically talks and shows how the application of theory of constraints in the field of project management. The novel is basically based on one of the MBA classes in America where a number of ideas are developed in discussions among the students and the lecturers. The lecturer is basically fighting for a tenure with the president of the university who expects a downturn in the executive MBA. The lecturer who teaches project management has a word with one the senior colleagues and project management was the right topic to teach. There were three students who were placed in the project management team of their company which manufactures electronic products. The students are enrolled in this MBA class along with other students, here they discover a new approach to project management which is known as the
Project Management Institute . (2008). A Guide to the Project Management body Of Knowledge. Newton Square, PA: Project Management Institute, Inc.
Project Management Institute (PMI) (2013). Project Management Professional (PMP) Handbook. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.pmi.org/certification/~/media/pdf/certifications/pdc_pmphandbook.ashx. [Last Accessed 20 April 2014].
- Rockart, J.F., 1979, "Chief executives define their own data needs", Harvard Business Review, 57, 2, 81-93.
The topic of my group (group 4) was “How to totally float through your project for free” and the presentation was held by Roger Goodman who works for PMI NZ and Ernst & Young supply chain management with many years of working experience in many different countries such as Saudi Arabia and China.
This paper will reflect on the different uses of Project Risk Management and ways in which it can benefit organizations to have the ability to identify potential problems prior to the problem occurring. Risk, this is not something to be taken lightly whilst dealing with matters that include high end projects meeting specific details, deadlines and expectations for the end client. Project risk management teaches one to be aggressive early on in the phases of planning and implementing the tools for a project. This is usually easier as costs are less and the turnaround time to solve the issues at that present moment is beneficial rather than later. The result in a successful project for one’s self and other key people involved in the process is also another requirement. Stakeholder satisfaction is important because the
Over the course of my professional life, I have become increasingly involved in project management roles. Doing so has made me aware of the many varied challenges that can face projects and the project managers who are charged with bringing them through to completion. The success or failure of projects, in whatever economic, political or social field, rests not just on the quality of the project’s goals, but also on the abilities of those involved in the project – and above all those who are managing it – to bring it to successful completion. To do this, project managers need to be equipped with a very wide range of skills, many of which are unrelated to the type of project itself. So, for example, a project manager of an engineering project must not only have engineering
When planning a new project, how the project will be managed is one of the most important factors. The importance of a managers will determine the success of the project. The success of the project will be determined by how well it is managed. Project management is referred to as the discipline that entails the processes of carefully planning, organizing, controlling, and motivating the organization resources so as to foster and facilitate the achievement of specific established and desired goals and meet the specific criteria of success required in the organization (Larson, 2014). Over the course of this paper I will be discussing and analyzing the importance of project management.
“Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to organisational and project activities to achieve the aims of an organisation through projects” (PMI, 2003).