Process Of The Coagulation Process

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

1.1.1 Coagulation Process

Coagulation is one of the processes involved in waste water treatment. It is the main water treatment process that related to these studies. The main purposes of coagulation process are to separate suspended solids from water and remove turbidity of water. Coagulation is almost similar to the other process for separation of suspended solids which called flocculation. The working principle of coagulation process is by destabilizing colloids suspended in waste water by neutralizing the forces that keeping them repel to each other. Coagulant is an agent responsible to neutralize the electrical charges around the colloids particle. Commonly the charges that surround the particles are negatively charge which is called a zeta potential. By neutralizing this charge the particles will stick to each other. In order to enhance agglomeration process, flocculants is added to the waste water. Flocculants involved stirring process which later will allow them to form bridge and become larger. As the colloid become larger and heavier it will settle to the bottom of the tank under the influence of gravity. Lastly suspended solid separated from water by filtration process.

1.1.2 Coagulant

Coagulant is an agent that makes coagulation process successful. One of the factors to determine the effectiveness of coagulation is the types of coagulants used. Different kinds of coagulant not only give different effects on physical appearance of water but also may give a side effect to the users of treated water. Cost of coagulant also varies depends on the type of coagulant. So the selection of coagulant is one of the steps that must be put into careful consideration to avoid any ...

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2.1.3 ANIMAL BASED COAGULANT

2.1.4 Coagulant from Chitin

Chitin is one kind of biodegradable polymer that can be found abundantly in nature. It is commonly found in shells of crustaceans, cuticle of insects and also in plant cell wall (Ospima et al, 2014). Chitin has a wide range of applications such a medicine, agriculture, food industry as well as waste water treatment industry because of its unique chemical, physiochemical and biological properties.Chitin is a linear polymer consisting mainly of β-(1-4) linked 2-acetamido-2-2 deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose units an partially of β-(1-4) –linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-gucopyranose. Fully or partially deacetylated chitin is called chitosan. Molecular mass of this two polymer can reach up to million g/mol prove that these two polymers can be a great coagulants.

2.1.4.1 Source of Chitin